Why Your Brain Needs More Downtime - Scientific American
►https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mental-downtime
Research on naps, meditation, nature walks and the habits of exceptional artists and athletes reveals how mental breaks increase productivity, replenish attention, solidify memories and encourage creativity
merci..
je le sais, mais je n’y arrive tellement pas.
tic tic tic ..
Il y a des tas de techniques très simples pour s’aider @erratic !
Simplement dans la journée manger/dormir/marcher régulièrement. Juste favoriser les bons rythmes.
oui oui je sais bien, « simplement » ;-)
je dois « simplement » réajuster mes catégories « pertes de temps » ..
c’est comme la drogue ; instant gratification trumps long term preservation
en plus, je peux témoigner que lack of preventive brain downtime (scheduled maintenance) leads to larger unwanted brain downtime.
elle est bien bonne celle-là.
juste au moment où je m’étais dit que j’allais prendre le temps de lire entièrement l’article
World’s Largest Carbon-Capture Plant to Open Soon
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/world-s-largest-carbon-capture-plant-to-open-soon
The captured carbon dioxide is pumped 82 miles to the West Ranch oil field in Jackson County, Texas, where drillers inject it into depleted wells, squeezing out the stubborn bits of crude oil that remain after the reservoir is tapped, in a process called enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Drillers estimate that the field holds 60 million barrels that could be recovered with EOR.
The EOR operations will generate the revenue that pays for the CCS [carbon capture and storage ] system.
Le secteur de l’aviation refuse toute réduction effective de ses émissions de #gaz_à_effet_de_serre
▻http://multinationales.org/Le-secteur-de-l-aviation-refuse-toute-reduction-effective-de-ses-em
Si l’aviation était un pays, ce serait le septième plus gros émetteur mondial de gaz à effet de serre. Le secteur pollue autant que les 129 pays les moins émetteurs ! Pourtant, sous la pression des lobbies, c’est le seul secteur avec le #transport maritime, qui ne soit pas soumis à un objectif de réduction des émissions. En Europe, on s’apprête à investir 75 milliards de dollars dans 800 projets d’extension ou de construction de nouveaux aéroports, dont celui de Notre-Dame-des-Landes. Les États du monde (...)
Actualités
/ #Transports, #Énergies_fossiles, #Lobbying, #changement_climatique, gaz à effet de serre, #influence, transport, A la une, Air France (...)
#Air_France_KLM
« ►https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-only-five-years-left-before-one-point-five-c-budget-is-blown »
« ▻http://www.icao.int/environmental-protection/Documents/ICAO%20Environmental%20Report%202016.pdf »
« ▻http://www.iata.org/policy/environment/Documents/atag-paper-on-cng2020-july2013.pdf »
« ▻http://www.iata.org/pressroom/pr/Documents/2016-09-06-02-french.pdf »
« ▻http://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2394/2015-552-en.pdf »
« ▻http://www.bastamag.net/Avec-Air-France-compenser-les »
« ▻http://www.fern.org/icaodeclaration »
« ▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bkn25g-zHFs
How the #FDA Manipulates the Media
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-the-fda-manipulates-the-media
The watchdogs are being turned into lapdogs. “Journalists have ceded the power to the scientific establishment,” says Vincent Kiernan, a science journalist and dean at George Mason University.
(Avec une #énormité cependant:
“I think it’s interesting and somewhat inexplicable, knowing journalists in general as being people who don’t like ceding power.”
)
Sus au « off », mort à l’embargo
▻http://www.lejdd.fr/Medias/Presse-ecrite/Actualite/Sus-au-off-mort-a-l-embargo-127745
Le quotidien économique américain Wall Street Journal n’accepte plus les embargos depuis avril, et, selon AFP-MediaWatch, le quotidien britannique The Guardian aurait cessé de les respecter. Un casse-tête pour les services de presse, qui ne peuvent pas vraiment se passer de ces grands journaux. Reste que la pratique de l’embargo s’accommode mal de la compétition entre organes de presse : AFP-MediaWatch rappelle que les journalistes du Wall Street Journal sont évalués en partie en fonction du nombre d’informations qu’ils obtiennent avant les agences de presse.
#références_projet_perso #liste
« IMPACT SUR... »
santé & environnement
SANTÉ
artères
→ nutrition facts
alimentation végétale VS alimentation "normale" américaine VS grand sportif avec une alimentation "normale" américaine
▻http://nutritionfacts.org/video/arteries-of-vegans-vs-runners
viande rouge
→ OMS
communiqué de 2015
▻http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/cancer-red-meat/fr
▻http://www.who.int/features/qa/cancer-red-meat/fr
lait
→ BMJ
étude suédoise, 2014, parue dans le British Medical Journal
▻http://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/349/bmj.g6015.full.pdf
alimentation végétale en général
→ liens de textes de groupes de diététiciens, d’hôpitaux, et autres institutions de différents pays
▻https://vegankwaice.wordpress.com/2015/09/03/traduction-lalimentation-vegetalienne-des-vegan%C2%B7es-bonne
→ APSARES
Association de Professionnels de Santé pour une Alimentation Responsable (médecins & diététiciens français)
▻http://www.alimentation-responsable.com/position-de-lapsares
recommandations
→ FAO + WHO (World Health Organization)
un de leurs buts : promouvoir les bienfaits pour la santé des fruits et légumes à travers le monde
▻http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/fruit/en
→ Jack Norris + Ginny Messina
doses recommandées de vitamines, par deux diététiciens
▻http://www.veganhealth.org/articles/dailyrecs
→ Ginny Messina
les 7 conseils santé de cette diététicienne
▻http://www.onegreenplanet.org/vegan-health/the-7-habits-of-healthy-vegans
+ sport
+→ listes athlètes végétaliens
exemples de sportifs végétaliens
▻http://www.greatveganathletes.com
▻http://www.adaptt.org/athletes.html
▻http://www.vegactu.com/category/sport
▻http://www.vegansociety.com/whats-new/blog/ten-best-plant-powered-athletes
_
PLANETE/HABITAT
impact global de l’agriculture
→ CITEPA
Centre Interprofessionnel Technique d’Études de la Pollution Atmosphérique ;
"association à but non lucratif [qui] élabore, vérifie et diffuse des informations relatives aux [GES]" ; "Operateur d’Etat pour le Ministère de Ecologie"
▻http://www.citepa.org/fr/air-et-climat/analyse-sectorielle/agriculture
→ FAO
Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’Alimentation et l’Agriculture (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) ;
"organisation intergouvernementale qui compte 194 Etats membres"
▻http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/y3557f/y3557f11.htm
→ Worldwatch Institute
institut de recherche indépendant fondé en 1974 qui est centré sur les enjeux environnementaux mondiaux
▻https://www.worldwatch.org/files/pdf/Livestock%20and%20Climate%20Change.pdf
/étude de 2013_
▻http://www.worldwatch.org/agriculture-and-livestock-remain-major-sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions-
(et ça fait des années qu’ils voient la viande comme un problème environnemental : ▻http://www.worldwatch.org/node/549, 2004)
déforestation & destruction des habitats naturels d’autres animaux
→ Sérgio Margulis,
Causes of Deforestation of the Brazilian Amazon, World Bank Working Paper, no. 22 (Washington, D.C : World Bank, 2004)
agriculture animale=première cause de déforestation de la forêt amazonienne (voir par exemple tableau p.37)
▻http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2004/02/02/000090341_20040202130625/Rendered/PDF/277150PAPER0wbwp0no1022.pdf
→ WWF (World Wildlife Fund)
"Forest loss and degradation is mostly caused by the expansion of agricultural land, intensive harvesting of timber, wood for fuel and other forest products, as well as overgrazing." (2016)
▻http://wwf.panda.org/about_our_earth/species/problems/habitat_loss_degradation
→ Brian Machovina, Kenneth J. Feeley, and William J. Ripple
Biodiversity Conservation : The Key Is Reducing Meat Consumption (2015)
▻http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969715303697
→ Dr Richard Oppenlander (chercheur, conférencier, et conseiller aux USA pour des programmes de luttes contre la faim dans le monde)
▻http://comfortablyunaware.com/blog/biodiversity-and-food-choice-a-clarification
destruction de la vie marine (pourtant nécessaire à l’humanité)
¶ National Geographic
l’oxygène que l’on respire est fourni par les forêts (28%) mais aussi par les plantes marines unicellullaires (70%)
▻http://nationalgeographic.org/activity/save-the-plankton-breathe-freely
▻http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/06/0607_040607_phytoplankton.html
→ FAO
plus de 90 million de tonnes de poissons sauvages sont pêchés (2011)
▻http://www.fao.org/docrep/016/i2727e/i2727e01.pdf (tableau p. 3)
→ EJF (Environmental Justice Foundation, 2003)
impact des "prises accessoires" (animaux pêchés sans qu’on le veuille) qui sont rejetées à la mer (blessés ou morts)
▻http://ejfoundation.org/sites/default/files/public/squandering_the_seas.pdf (voir à partir de la p.15)
"zones mortes" maritimes
→ "Dead Zones"
Louisiana universities marine consortium, press release (2014)
"The amount of nutrient loading from the river increased considerably in the 1960s as a result of more intense agricultural activity in the watershed. The primary driver of the increased nutrient loading is agricultural land use, which is strongly influenced by farm policy."
▻http://www.gulfhypoxia.net/research/shelfwide%20cruises/2014/hypoxia_press_release_2014.pdf
Scientific American, EarthTalk (2016)
"Nitrogen and phosphorous from agricultural runoff are the primary culprits [...] Fortunately, dead zones are reversible if their causes are reduced or eliminated."
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ocean-dead-zones
eau
→ Water Footprint Assessment (WFA)
l’agriculture animale utilise environ 1/3 de l’eau potable, 2013
▻http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212371713000024
voir l’impact de différents produits
▻http://waterfootprint.org/en/resources/interactive-tools/product-gallery
→ "World Water Week" de SIWI (Stockholm International Water Institute)
15 000 litres d’eau pour obtenir 1 kg de chair de boeuf : la meilleure solution pour économiser l’eau, c’est de devenir végétalien (250 litres pour obtenir 1 kg de patates)
▻http://www.worldwaterweek.org/bestwaterideas
→ FAO, Pollution de l’eau par l’élevage du bétail
"The livestock sector is a key player in increasing water use, accounting for over 8 percent of global human water use, mostly for the irrigation of feedcrops. It is probably the largest sectoral source of water pollution, contributing to eutrophication, “dead” zones in coastal areas, degradation of coral reefs, human health problems, emergence of antibiotic resistance and many others. The major sources of pollution are from animal wastes, antibiotics and hormones, chemicals from tanneries, fertilizers and pesticides used for feedcrops, and sediments from eroded pastures." (p. 24 du pdf)
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/a0701e/a0701e00.pdf
+ chiffres
→ chiffres français
Ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt ;
nombres des "productions animales" hors poissons 2014
▻http://agreste.agriculture.gouv.fr/enquetes/statistique-agricole-annuelle-saa
→ la faim dans le monde pourrait être (théoriquement) éradiquée
les USA pourraient nourrir 800 millions de gens au lieu de nourrir les animaux pour manger leur chair
▻http://www.news.cornell.edu/stories/1997/08/us-could-feed-800-million-people-grain-livestock-eat
la faim dans le monde concernait environ 795 millions de gens dans le monde en 2015
▻https://www.wfp.org/hunger/stats
▻http://www.worldhunger.org/articles/Learn/world%20hunger%20facts%202002.htm#Number_of_hungry_people_in_the_world
...
+→ infos provenant d’une source pro-végétal
AVF + Peta + L214 + Écologie sans frontière + VegLorraine
▻http://www.viande.info
Eye Scan Therefore I am: The Individualization of Humanitarian Aid
The iris of an eye is surely one of the most individual parts of a person – a unique signifier of each one of us. Today, Syrian refugees standing at ATM machines in Jordan are being recognized by iris scanning technology so they can withdraw UN #cash that enables their families to survive another month.
▻https://iow.eui.eu/2015/03/15/eye-scan-therefore-i-am-the-individualization-of-humanitarian-aid
#aide_humanitaire #individualisation #réfugiés #asile #migrations #Jordanie #surveillance (?) #iris #aid_in_cash #cash_based_intervention #monétisation
Sur l’#aide_en_cash :
Aide en cash, une analyse de Gilles Carbonnier
Alors qu’en Suisse, le législateur et les autorités fédérales mettent tout en œuvre pour étendre au maximum l’aide « en nature » pour les demandeurs d’asile, en particulier dans la mise en place de la restructuration de la loi sur l’asile, une approche inverse a été déployée par les organisations humanitaires pour soutenir les Syriens réfugiés au Liban, en Turquie ou en Jordanie. L’expérience avait déjà été faite, mais jamais à une telle échelle et sur une telle durée, explique le Pr Gilles Carbonnier, qui consacre un chapitre de son prochain livre Humanitarian Economics aux conditions de mise en place de ce mode d’aide au Liban, où il a mené une étude fin 2014. Plus d’un million de réfugiés reçoivent aujourd’hui une aide « cash ». Chaque mois, le montant d’assistance individuel est crédité sur une carte ATM avec laquelle les réfugiés peuvent retirer de l’argent quand ils le souhaitent. Coordonné par le HCR, le programme implique tant les agences onusiennes et des ONG de terrain que des acteurs privés locaux comme des banques libanaises et quelque 400 commerces agréés pour fournir des produits alimentaires et non alimentaires (1), dispersés dans tout le pays. Interview.
▻http://asile.ch/2015/08/06/laide-en-cash-une-analyse-de-gilles-carbonnier
LIFE IN PARADISE un film de Roman Vital / 2013 / Suisse / 78’ / Primatoni Filmverleih / VOSTF ;
Depuis que le gouvernement suisse a installé un centre de déportation pour les demandeurs d’asile rejetés dans le village montagnard idyllique de Valzeina, une personne sur quatre au village est un #immigrant clandestin.
Le film montre la façon dont fonctionne la #politique d’asile suisse. Il témoigne de la manière dont nous, privilégiés du monde occidental, nous occupons des demandeurs d’asile et comment nos vies sont affectées par cela. Il donne à comprendre ce que signifie vivre en tant que demandeur d’asile rejeté au « paradis »
▻http://www.cineman.ch/fr/movie/2013/LifeInParadiseIllegaleInDerNac
@vanderling : peux-tu m’expliquer le lien entre ce film (que j’ai vu et apprécié d’ailleurs) et les autres billets sur l’aide humanitaire en cash ?
@cdb_77 : Le lien entre le film « Life in Paradise » et les autres billets sur l’aide humanitaire en cash est tout à fait subjectif. J’ai répondu après avoir visité le site asile.ch. C’est le .ch qui m’a rappelé le film qui se passe à Valzeina. Ce village situé entre Davos et le Liechtenstein est sur la route des migrants. A l’issue du film j’étais vaguement mal à l’aise. La neutralité de la Suisse et Henri Dumont (fondateur suisse de la croix rouge) me laisse dubitatif. Ne dit-on pas : « boire en suisse ».
L’association Vivre Ensemble - Service d’information et de documentation sur le droit d’asile - est surement utile pour les demandeurs d’asile. Dans le film, les gestionnaires du « centre de déportation » ( dixit la présentation du documentaire ) ont un air de dame patronnesse. De là à exporter ces bons sentiments en cash humanitaire ; je propose aux suisses de balayer devant leur porte avant d’aller faire le ménage en #Syrie,#Liban,#Turquie ou en #Jordanie.
Pour ce qui est des territoires bombardés,le drapeau de la #croix rouge flotte sur la plupart des champs de ruines. On tire même sur les ambulances !
Par contre j’ai pas bien compris l’utilité du scanner de l’iris pour retirer de l’argent à la tirette ??
Surement une embrouille de suisse pour tracer l’argent plus facilement !
▻http://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/carnet/2014-02-13-vote-suisse#nh6
▻https://youtu.be/oMTLXg9bjSM
Humanitaire faut pas nous la faire !
Si t’as pas de richesses, tu l’as au fond des fesses
On bougera pas le petit doigt de pied, espèce de sous évolués
T’avais pas remarqué, on aide que ceux qui peuvent faire de l’humanitaire pour nous !
Pas de minerai ? Rien à piller ? Ils n’ont qu’à se démerder
Comme dit Bernard Kouchner : « faut qu’l’humanitaire soit une bonne affaire ! »
[...]
Les Garçons Bouchers - Ecoute, petit frère - 1995 -Boucherie production
@vanderling On dit aussi « travail d’arabe ». Vu la qualité argumentaire « on » n’est pas superflu dans le débat.
@vanderling... juste deux mots de réflexion...
– « Ce village situé entre Davos et le Liechtenstein est sur la route des migrants. » —> non, ce village n’est pas situé sur la « route des migrants », qui d’ailleurs n’est pas UNE route, mais plusieurs...
– Henri Dumont (fondateur suisse de la croix rouge) —> C’est Henri Dunand
– « L’association Vivre Ensemble - Service d’information et de documentation sur le droit d’asile - est surement utile pour les demandeurs d’asile » —> L’association Vivre Ensemble, pour laquelle je travaille, ne se veut pas « utile » pour les demandeurs d’asile, c’est un service d’information et de documentation, qui vise plutôt le grand public...
– « je propose aux suisses de balayer devant leur porte avant d’aller faire le ménage en #Syrie,#Liban,#Turquie ou en #Jordanie » —> je le propose aussi aux Français, aux Allemands, aux Anglais, etc etc. Ce n’est pas parce qu’on vient d’un pays qu’on ne peut pas en critiquer un autre, surtout si on critique aussi le sien...
– « Par contre j’ai pas bien compris l’utilité du scanner de l’iris pour retirer de l’argent à la tirette ??
Surement une embrouille de suisse pour tracer l’argent plus facilement ! » —> l’idée de l’ « aide en cash » et celle de l’iris ne vient pas de la Suisse...
J’ai un peu l’impression qu’on mélange des poires et des pommes...
Tracking Refugees With Biometrics: More Questions than Answers
Samira stands looking diligently at the camera. At six years old, she is being enrolled in the first countrywide implementation of biometrics by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. Samira caught my eye because she is not a MAM — a military aged male — like the hundreds of Iraqis and Afghans I helped enroll in the U.S. military’s biometric efforts in those countries after 9/11.
▻http://warontherocks.com/2016/03/tracking-refugees-with-biometrics-more-questions-than-answers
Eye-Imaging ID Unlocks Aid Dollars for Syrian Civil War Refugees
The U.N. is using Iris-based ID technology to track and assist Syrians who have fled to Jordan
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/eye-imaging-id-unlocks-aid
Cash Transfer Programming for Syrian Refugees
▻http://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/FIC-DRC-publication-karen-2-2016.pdf
La #biométrie au service de l’#humanitaire : des réfugiés répertoriés grâce à leur empreinte oculaire
Les réfugiés considèrent que le nouveau système est trop restrictif et les organisations d’aide humanitaire font part de leurs préoccupations en matière sécuritaire.
▻http://www.irinnews.org/fr/analyses/2016/05/18/la-biom%C3%A9trie-au-service-de-l%E2%80%99humanitaire-des-r%C3%A9fugi%C3%A
‘Giving More’ Through Direct Cash Aid
In the second part of our series with the Issam Fares Institute on sustainable futures for Syrian refugees in Lebanon, researcher Daniel Masterson argues that cash aid frees refugees from dependence and enables them to become active contributors to local economies.
▻https://www.newsdeeply.com/refugees/op-eds/2016/07/20/giving-more-through-direct-cash-aid
How cashless programmes to support refugees’ independence can restrict their freedoms
The scale of 2015’s “refugee crisis” and the displacement of the Syrian population in the Middle East has led to a concerted effort to provide more practical and accessible financial support to migrants and asylum seekers along their journey to new host countries.
To that end, humanitarian agencies are increasingly adopting technological solutions for managing refugees. In camps in Jordan and Lebanon particularly, the UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) is implementing technological innovations and cash transfer mechanisms to make life easier for thousands of displaced people.
At the same time, “refugee apps” devised by the likes of Apple and aid organisations have been used by migrants to make their own way to Europe and find help in the form of shelters, food banks, first aid points and legal support.
Journalists, academics and NGOs have been examining the opportunities and risks associated with digital technologies and financial tools, such as cashless programmes that employ prepaid cards. While these things enable migrants to improve digital connectivity, get up-to-date information and have access to funds without banking, this same technology can be also used for tracking refugees and collecting useful data.
Critically, my research focuses on a related issue that is not addressed in the current debate – how much these digital technologies and cash assistance programmes actually enhance the ability of refugees to live more independently.
For instance, a 2017 UNHCR report states:
There is growing evidence that cash assistance represents a highly effective form of aid by providing recipients with the autonomy and dignity to meet their own needs.
But how is refugee autonomy regarded by the organisations that promote these digital technologies and “techno-humanitarian” innovations? How is it actually fostered and sustained? And is it of genuine benefit to refugees?
Financial independence
Greece is the first EU country in which the European Commission implemented a cashless system for asylum seekers. In 2016, in cooperation with the UNHCR, the EU launched a Refugee Cash Assistance Programme. Under this system, asylum seekers are entitled to monthly financial support of between €90 and €150 per person. The UNHCR delivers the cards to the islands across all refugee camps and accommodation centres, and they can be used to get cash from ATMs.
Cash assistance programmes grant refugees flexibility in terms of buying products and services and are designed to help people feel they have control over their lives, even if they find themselves stranded somewhere facing an uncertain future.
But restrictions apply. Only asylum seekers who accept accommodation provided by the UNHCR or the Greek authorities are entitled to this financial support. But some asylum seekers prefer to live in the solidarity of an unofficial refugee centre such as the disused City Plaza Hotel in Athens – but this means they are excluded from the cash assistance programme as it is not recognised by the authorities.
The UNHCR checks each month that asylum seekers who hold a pre-paid card do actually live in the camps or apartments they have been allocated. The monthly top-up of cards is also subjected to a series of disciplinary rules that migrants are requested to comply with on a daily basis in refugee camps (such as having their card blocked if they are deemed to “abuse” the electricity in their accommodation).
In the summer of 2018, 120 asylum seekers in Athens occupied the building where UNCHR prepaid cards are distributed for more than a month, demanding “cash cards for all”. Most had been suspended or excluded from the programme because they were not living in the accommodation provided by the authorities.
The protest over the cards was a catalyst for other claims – including a request to abolish the Skype system to book appointments for lodging an asylum application, which became compulsory in Greece in 2016. In this case, technology was an obstacle to getting access to rights. And in this way, migrants who want to live as independently as possible are excluded from financial help and support.
Autonomy vs freedom
Promoting refugee autonomy is seen as a temporary situation that grants flexibility and treats them as “beneficiaries”, but is actually a system that is subject to restrictions, conditions and disciplinary procedures. Pre-paid cards are seen as digital tools that improve migrants’ conditions. But the reality for many asylum seekers on the Greek islands is that they have been stranded for months – some of them more than a year – due to the “geographical restrictions” imposed by the EU-Turkey Deal.
This deals states that migrants who land on Greek islands and claim asylum must await the response to their application and cannot transfer to mainland Greece or Turkey unless they are deemed highly vulnerable. At a refugee centre on Lesbos, an Afghani man told me: “We are all going crazy here – our mental health is as precarious as our physical health on this island”.
The prepaid cards are of course beneficial to migrants stuck on the Greek islands, but these are extremely vulnerable people whose protracted time there and lack of appropriate psychological and medical support continues to exacerbate their vulnerability – ironically, the one way they can be transferred to the mainland.
A growing debate points to the need to enhance and support refugees’ self-reliance through financial aid and technological access. But the current set-up ensures that refugees can only become autonomous by accepting the restrictions imposed on them.
This kind of temporary inclusion cannot be a substitution for rights and legal protection, nor can claims to foster autonomy be separated from the struggle to end refugees’ containment on islands such as Lesbos.
The drive for autonomy needs to dispense with the inequalities between individuals – between “saviours” and “saved”, those free to move and those stuck in limbo – that underpin humanitarian interventions. If we want to support refugees’ independent living, we cannot separate autonomy from freedom, which supports choice, dignity, mobility and a sense of control over their own lives.
▻https://theconversation.com/how-cashless-programmes-to-support-refugees-independence-can-restri
#autonomie #liberté #indépendance_financière #Grèce
#Martina_Tazzioli
Curb Antibiotic Use in Farm Animals - Scientific American
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/curb-antibiotic-use-in-farm-animals
In 2013 the Food and Drug Administration finally stepped in, asking drug companies to stop selling antibiotics for the purpose of promoting the growth of animals by December 2016. The agency still allows the use of these drugs for “disease prevention,” however—that is, to fight off infections animals have not yet gotten. In principle, it might sound reasonable. In practice, this loophole may be big enough to allow farmers to continue with what they have been doing all along, raising concerns that the fda’s plan will not amount to much.
To make things worse, the #FDA resisted developing a meaningful plan to evaluate the effect of its action. Instead it intends simply to rely on sales data from drug companies to see whether its (nonbinding) guidelines are actually working. These data are far from ideal for this purpose; even the agency acknowledges that sales are not a reliable way to gauge how antibiotics are really being used.
Gravitational Waves Discovered from Colliding Black Holes
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/gravitational-waves-discovered-from-colliding-black-holes1
Deux trous noirs en collision ont permis la détection d’ondes gravitationnelles.
Juste o_O(Permalink)
How Nations Fare in PhDs by Sex [Interactive] - Scientific American
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-nations-fare-in-phds-by-sex-interactive1
In the U.S., women are going to college and majoring in science and engineering fields in increasing numbers, yet here and around the world they remain underrepresented in the workforce. Comparative figures are hard to come by, but a disparity shows up in the number of Ph.D.s awarded to women and men. The chart here, assembled from data collected by the National Science Foundation, traces the gender gap at the doctoral level for 56 nations. The situation in individual countries varies widely, but as the numbers make clear, there are interesting exceptions to the global trend.
Climate drives ’new era’ in Arctic Ocean - BBC News
►http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32553668
Changes in the Arctic Ocean are so profound that the region is entering what amounts to “a new era”, according to Norwegian scientists.
A switch from a permanent cover of thick ice to a new state where thinner ice vanishes in the summer will have far-reaching implications, they say.
The Norwegian Polar Institute has been mounting an expedition to the Arctic Ocean during the year’s coldest months.
Scientists have to brave extreme temperatures and total darkness.
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El Nino, Arctic ice melt could mean colder winter in Europe - Yahoo News
▻http://news.yahoo.com/el-nino-arctic-ice-melt-could-mean-colder-151758379.html
OSLO (Reuters) - Next winter in Europe could be colder and drier than the previous two mild winters, which drove down gas and power consumption, the chief meteorologist at Thomson Reuters Point Carbon said.
Two factors pointed to potentially chillier winter weather - an El Nino phenomenon that could warm sea-surface temperatures in the Pacific, and the melting of the Arctic ice cap.
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Arctic ice melting faster and earlier as scientists demand action | Environment | The Guardian
▻http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/may/05/arctic-ice-retreat-scientists-climate-change
There was less ice in the Arctic this winter than in any other winter during the satellite era, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration scientists said on Tuesday.
The announcement was consistent with previous predictions that the Arctic would have entirely ice-free summers by 2040, they said in a briefing to the media on the state of climate trends in the north pole.
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Thinning Arctic Ice Proves Deadly for Veteran Explorers - Scientific American
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/thinning-arctic-ice-proves-deadly-for-veteran-explorers1
One day in 2005, Marc Cornelissen found himself face to face with a polar bear while his pants were down and he was sitting on an outdoor toilet in the Arctic. His heart pounded, and he resolved to surrender, he said in an interview with a Dutch magazine. Then he remembered his daughter back home in the Netherlands. He grabbed a shovel and shook it toward the bear’s face, as the bear was, by then, standing on its hind legs and sizing up its prey.
Here’s What a Cyber Warfare Arsenal Might Look Like - Scientific American
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/here-s-what-a-cyber-warfare-arsenal-might-look-like
“All technically savvy countries are developing both offensive and defensive capabilities to prepare for the potential of cyber conflict both by itself and as one aspect of broader conflicts including kinetic warfare, which involves bombs and bullets,” Saydjari says. “The goal of many such countries is to be able to exercise complete dominance and control over any part of cyberspace, anywhere and anytime it serves their national interests.”
Les scientifiques ont conçu la nourriture qui résistera au #réchauffement_climatique - Quartz
▻http://alireailleurs.tumblr.com/post/114570579448
Jack Aldwinckle pour Quartz nous emmène au Centre international d’agriculture tropicale en Amérique Latine qui s’intéresse à la sauvegarde des plantes tropicales comme le manioc, le riz et les haricots. Dans cette banque de semences, qui conserve notamment 36 000 variétés de haricots, les scientifiques ont déjà créé le haricot capable de résister aux 3 degrés d’augmentation de la température que devrait connaître la planète avec le réchauffement climatique. Inquiétés par les travaux du GIEC, les scientifiques ont étudié l’impact du réchauffement climatique sur les zones propices à la culture du haricot (qui nourrit principalement quelques 400 millions de personnes à travers le monde), annonçant une réduction de 50% de la production. Pour y répondre, ils ont créé par croisement une variété capable de supporter le (...)
Cette banque de #semences est fantastique, et ils peuvent envoyer des échantillons aux amateurs qui ont des projets comme les miens :)
Sinon c’est aussi un repère de ninjas
c’est #administration_du_desastre qu’on dit je crois ? :-)
Oui mais je pense qu’implicitement l’#add est surtout utilisées pour les personnes qui gèrent les problèmes qu’elles contribuent à créer, je ne suis pas sûr que ce soit le cas ici (à part dans une critique globale de la préservation de la biodiversité en dehors des systèmes naturels ou cultivés).
Australia’s Farmers Challenged by Climate Change
From tasteless carrots to sunburned apples, a new report by two University of Melbourne researchers paints a challenging picture for Australia’s agricultural sector and the impacts of climate change in the decades to come.
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/australia-s-farmers-challenged-by-climate-change/?WT.mc_id=SA_Twitter
#agriculture #climat #changement_climatique #Australie
cc @odilon
Climate Change Hastened Syria’s Civil War
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/climate-change-hastened-the-syrian-war
Climate change can make storms stronger, cold spells longer and water supplies drier. But can it cause war? A new study published today in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences says drought in Syria, exacerbated to record levels by global warming, pushed social unrest in that nation across a line into an open uprising in 2011. The conflict has since become a major civil war with international involvement.
Drying and drought in Syria from 2006 to 2011—the worst on record there—destroyed agriculture, causing many farm families to migrate to cities. The influx added to social stresses already created by refugees pouring in from the war in Iraq, explains Richard Seager, a climate scientist at Columbia University’s Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory who co-authored the study. The drought also pushed up food prices, aggravating poverty. “We’re not saying the drought caused the war,” Seager said. “We’re saying that added to all the other stressors, it helped kick things over the threshold into open conflict. And a drought of that severity was made much more likely by the ongoing human-driven drying of that region.”
Did climate change lead to the conflict in Syria? We examine new research that claims a powerful link.
A new academic paper points to a connection between climate change and the conflict in Syria. The research also identifies migrants as a key factor in the violence. We’re anticipating a lot of comment and debate on this over the coming week, so in this piece we want to pin down exactly what this new research does (and does not) claim to have found.
▻http://climatemigration.org.uk/did-climate-change-lead-to-the-conflict-in-syria-we-examine-new
Ancient Viruses Gain New Functions in the Brain - Scientific American
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ancient-viruses-gain-new-functions-in-the-brain
Coral Reefs Show Remarkable Ability to Recover from Near Death - Scientific American
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/coral-reefs-show-remarkable-ability-to-recover-from-near-death
Scientists have identified key factors that enable corals to recover from bleaching events brought on by global warming
Massive Genetic Effort Confirms Bird Songs Related to Human Speech - Scientific American
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/massive-genetic-effort-confirms-bird-songs-related-to-human-spee
Songbirds stutter, babble when young, become mute if parts of their brains are damaged, learn how to sing from their elders and can even be “bilingual”—in other words, songbirds’ vocalizations share a lot of traits with human speech. However, that similarity goes beyond behavior, researchers have found. Even though humans and birds are separated by millions of years of evolution, the genes that give us our ability to learn speech have much in common with those that lend birds their warble.
Diamant mandarin — Wikipédia
▻http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamant_mandarin
Ils constituent également un modèle d’étude des capacités d’interprétation des sons par le cerveau, grâce à leur capacité à reconnaître et réagir aux chants de leurs congénères.
Par exemple, des études sur les diamants mandarin ont montré que le gène FOXP2 était davantage exprimé dans les régions du cerveau des mâles lors des phases d’apprentissage du chant ; un résultat qui vient en appui de l’hypothèse en faveur d’un rôle important du gène humain homologue, FOXP2, dans l’acquisition du langage par l’enfant et donc dans l’évolution de la faculté de langage de l’espèce humaine4.
Delivering Fungicides on Bee Feet - Scientific American
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/delivering-fungicides-on
Farmers looking to improve disease control and crop yield may want to enlist the help of the humble bee. According to results published in a recent issue of the journal Biological Control, Nature’s little couriers outperformed mechanical sprayers in delivering a natural fungicide to strawberry crops. Recipients of the bee-borne treatment also produced more robust fruit, as the result of enhanced pollination.
Ebola Exacerbates West Africa’s Poverty Crisis - Scientific American
▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/ebola-exacerbates-west-africa-s-poverty-crisis
The hardest hit by the Ebola crisis, as in all crises, are the poorest, whether in cities or remote rural communities. “The epicenters are places where people are disaffected from the health system,” (...) “To them the health system doesn’t even exist or if it does, it’s a run down clinic that doesn’t have enough medicine. We are creating a health system while doing emergency response.”
Even the roads to reach or leave rural communities are lacking, requiring hours by rugged vehicle or trudging for miles. “There are no roads, very little electricity,” Dhillon added. “To even find patients is very difficult, much less transfer them from villages to testing sites.”
An epidemic of fear rages along with the one transmitting Ebola. (...)
“The epidemic here is exceedingly controllable just by doing things we already know how to do,” Dhillon noted. “Until we see a case in Guinea with the same urgency as we see a case in New York, we are not going to be moving with the speed that is needed.” (...)
A health crisis that was ignored for months until it was out of control is now beginning to get the attention required, if not the resources. So far the world’s nations have contributed far less than the $1 billion the U.N. estimates would be needed to control the epidemic before it becomes endemic.
(...) Should the Ebola crisis continue to expand, the host of social and economic problems will grow with it, such as farmers unable to plant fields next spring. “Ebola is not only a health emergency, it’s a poverty crisis,” Bah said. “It’s a poverty crisis. It’s an infrastructure crisis. It’s an education crisis.”
Datavisualisation : au Portugal, il y a davantage de doctorantes que de doctorants. En France et en Suisse, non ▻http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-nations-fare-in-phds-by-sex-interactive …
