publishedmedium:plos one

“CDU-Zerstörer” Rezo: Es kamen “Diskreditierung, Lügen, Trump-Wordings und keine inhaltliche Auseinandersetzung” | Telepolis
▻https://www.heise.de/tp/features/CDU-Zerstoerer-Rezo-Es-kamen-Diskreditierung-Luegen-Trump-Wordings-und-keine-i

Ce youtubeur prouve que les chrétiens-démocrates allemands sont coupables de tous les crimes et par leur incompétence et par la collaboration avec le crime organisé. Ce jeune homme est tellement populaire que la droite est obligée de réagir.

Selten hat ein politisches Video in Deutschland ein so großes Echo bei Jugendlichen gefunden: Youtuber Rezo „zerstört“ die CDU.

Les sources : ▻https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&v=4Y1lZQsyuSQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fdocs.google.

Hier sind alle Quellen vom CDU-Video. Hoffe es ist alles korrekt übertragen. Falls irgendwo ein Flüchtigkeitsfehler drin ist oder so, schreib mir gern auf den verschiedenen Socialmedia Plattformen :)

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[L1]▻https://www.cdu.de/sites/default/files/media/dokumente/regierungsprogramm-2013-2017-langfassung-20130911.pdf

[L2]▻https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2014-07/bundestag-mindestlohn-entscheidung

[L3]►https://www.cdu.de/system/tdf/media/dokumente/071203-beschluss-grundsatzprogramm-6-navigierbar_1.pdf?file=1&type=field_collect

[L4]▻https://www.handelsblatt.com/politik/deutschland/freiwilligendienst-geplant-bundestag-beschliesst-das-ende-der-wehrpflicht/3985968.html?ticket=ST-1588365-InGS3BXc1Q4ycXsDsZeC-ap2

[L5]►https://www.cdu.de/system/tdf/media/dokumente/071203-beschluss-grundsatzprogramm-6-navigierbar_1.pdf?file=1&type=field_collect

[L6]▻https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article13460039/Bundestag-beschliesst-Atomausstieg-bis-2022.html

[L7]►https://www.gew.de/aktuelles/detailseite/neuigkeiten/wie-deutschland-bei-der-bildung-abschneidet

[L8]▻https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/angela-merkel-falsche-versprechungen-ueberlasse-ich-schroeder-1.309069-

[L9]▻https://www.focus.de/politik/deutschland/bundestagswahl-2013/tid-33778/kohl-ypsilanti-merkel-die-politik-umfaller-und-ihre-dreisteten-wahlluegen-spd-

[L10] ▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PUR_WPj0JM

[L11]▻https://www.antenne.de/nachrichten/deutschland/pkw-maut-startet-oktober-2020-in-deutschland

[L12]▻https://www.pressesprecher.com/nachrichten/caspary-cdu-artikel-13-demonstranten-gekauft-402064753

[L13]▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iSwQxRjFT2A&t=97s

[L14]▻https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article187846390/Fridays-for-Future-Demos-Sollen-die-Schueler-bestraft-werden.html

[L15]▻https://youtu.be/5VVM4ArDFhQ?t=57

[L16]▻https://youtu.be/5VVM4ArDFhQ?t=256

[L17]▻https://youtu.be/5VVM4ArDFhQ?t=290

[L18]▻https://youtu.be/5VVM4ArDFhQ?t=302

[L19] ▻https://youtu.be/5VVM4ArDFhQ?t=336

[L20] ▻https://twitter.com/europarl_de/status/1100705082470027264?lang=de

[L21]▻https://twitter.com/c_lindner/status/1104683096107114497?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E11

[L22] ▻https://youtu.be/OAoPkVfeTo0?t=893

[L23] ▻https://www.scientists4future.org/stellungnahme

[L25] ▻https://twitter.com/tilman_s/status/1105864836892762112

[L26]▻https://youtu.be/Yd2bYRKuYfo?t=180

[L27]▻https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/koalitionsbeschluss-wehrpflicht-wird-zum-1-juli-2011-ausgesetzt/3597026.html

[L28]▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4WY3wQDEWt8

[L29]▻https://www.fr.de/politik/verfolgte-retter-10973351.html

[L30]▻https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Polizisten-fordern-Cannabis-Legalisierung-article20268395.html

[L31]▻https://www.heise.de/tp/features/15-Jahre-entkriminalisierte-Drogenpolitik-in-Portugal-3224495.html

[L32]▻https://www.br.de/puls/themen/welt/drogenpolitik-portugal-102.html

[L33]▻https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/portugals-drogenpolitik-therapie-statt-gefaengnis.795.de.html?dram:a

[L34]▻https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/justiz/cannabis-bund-deutscher-kriminalbeamter-fordert-ende-des-verbots-a-1191381.h

[L35]▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Caspary#/media/File:Daniel_Caspary_2019.jpg

[L36]▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel_Voss#/media/File:Axel_Voss_01.JPG

[L37] ▻https://youtu.be/9GMiDy0LZQ4?t=585

[B1] ▻https://www.dw.com/de/935-l%C3%BCgen-zum-irak-krieg/a-3086399

[B2] ▻https://www.dw.com/de/irak-krieg-am-anfang-stand-die-l%C3%BCge/a-43279424

[B3] ▻https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/cdu-csu-merkel-verteidigt-irak-krieg-189806.html

[B4] ▻https://youtu.be/lxjahxsm3GU?t=145

[B5] ▻https://youtu.be/lxjahxsm3GU?t=224

[B6] ▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EaEVIh9t5I&feature=youtu.be&t=114

[B7] ▻https://dipbt.bundestag.de/dip21/btd/18/110/1811023.pdf

[B8]▻https://daserste.ndr.de/panorama/aktuell/USA-fuehren-Drohnenkrieg-von-Deutschland-aus,ramstein146.html

[B9] ▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5rXPrfnU3G0&t=300s

[B10]

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/MQ-9_Reaper_-_090609-F-0000M-777.JPG

[B11]▻https://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/drohnen-basis-ramstein-bundesregierung-bestreitet-mitwissen-fotostrecke-1258

[B12]▻https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2015-05/drohnenkrieg-ramstein-jemen-opfer-klage
[B13]▻https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/leitkolumne-ramstein-toetet-1.4378778

[B14]▻https://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article122884542/15-Tote-bei-Drohnenangriff-auf-Fahrzeugkonvoi.html

[B15]▻https://qz.com/569779/drone-strikes-are-creating-hatred-towards-america-that-will-last-for-generations

[B16]▻https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/step-back-lessons-us-foreign-policy-failed-war-terror#_idTextAnchor066

[B17] ▻https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_major_terrorist_incidents

[B18] ▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genfer_Konventionen#Wichtige_Bestimmungen

[B19]▻https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/bradley-manning-zu-35-jahren-haft-verurteilt-a-917844.html

[B20] ▻https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2013-10/Drohnen-Moral-Voelkerrecht/seite-2

[B21]▻https://www.amnesty.de/allgemein/pressemitteilung/vereinigte-staaten-von-amerika-voelkerrechtswidrige-us-drohnenangriffe

[B22]▻https://netzpolitik.org/2015/live-blog-aus-dem-geheimdienst-untersuchungsausschuss-brandon-bryant-fr

[B23] ▻https://youtu.be/Y0_BxzSWdKI?t=889

[B24] ▻https://youtu.be/VMjUR_cY8g4?t=1529

[B25] ▻https://youtu.be/STqv600KN3k?t=219

[B26]▻https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/us-drohnenkrieg-ramstein-urteil-ovg-muenster-1.4373794

[B27] ▻https://www.bundestag.de/parlament/plenum/abstimmung/abstimmung?id=540

[B28] ▻https://youtu.be/KdDULYzDBvg?t=213

[B29]▻https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/us-atomwaffen-in-deutschland-die-atom-eier-von-buechel-a-1251697.html

[B30] ▻https://yougov.de/news/2015/10/01/bevolkerung-will-keine-us-atomwaffen-deutschland

[B31] ▻https://youtu.be/C4RalenYhoY?t=37

[B32]▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globale_%C3%9Cberwachungs-_und_Spionageaff%C3%A4re

[B33]▻https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/snowden-asyl-usa-sollen-deutschland-gedroht-haben-a-1024841.html

[B34]▻https://www.bundesregierung.de/breg-de/aktuelles/fuer-eine-welt-ohne-atomwaffen-479596

[B35]

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO#/media/File:North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organization_(orthographic_projection).svg

[B36] ▻http://www.ruestungsexport.info/info/BuReg_2017.pdf

[B37] ▻https://www.zeit.de/2018/29/waffenexporte-bundesregierung-jemen-krieg/komplettansicht

[B38] ▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milit%C3%A4rintervention_im_Jemen_seit_2015

[B39]▻https://www.fr.de/politik/waffenexporte-saudi-arabien-deutschland-liefert-wieder-waffen-12185951.html

[B40]▻https://www.zeit.de/wirtschaft/2019-01/ruestung-waffenexporte-deutschland-bundesregierung-katar-raketensystem-teile

[B41] ▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menschenrechte_in_Katar

[B42] ▻https://www.zeit.de/politik/2018-10/nachrichtenpodcast-was-jetzt-23-10-2018

[B43] ▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain#Menschenrechte

[B44]▻https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/weiter-waffen-fuer-jemen-krieg-mehr-ruestungsexporte-in-die-emirate/24156146.html

[B45]▻https://www.dw.com/de/human-rights-watch-die-vae-sind-kein-toleranter-staat/a-47357520

[B46]▻https://www.n-tv.de/politik/Milizen-im-Jemen-kaempfen-mit-westlichen-Waffen-article20845112.html

[B47]▻http://www.ard.de/home/die-ard/presse-kontakt/pressearchiv/_Panzer_fuer_das_Kalifat____Waffen_fuer_Bahrain_/113308/index.html

[B48]▻https://www.ipg-journal.de/rubriken/aussen-und-sicherheitspolitik/artikel/das-geschaeft-mit-der-ruestung-3437

[B49 ] ▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-114_Hellfire

[B50]▻https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/wikileaks/moderne-kriegsfuehrung-das-collateral-murder-video-1982035.html

[B51]▻https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/umstrittene-apache-angriffe-hoellenfeuer-aus-dem-himmel-a-724482.html

[B52] ▻https://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2010-07/wikileaks-militaer-geheimvideo

[B53] ►https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NeQM1c-XCDc

[B54]▻https://www.google.com/search?q=ramstein&oq=ramstein&aqs=chrome.0.69i59l3j69i60j69i61j69i59.975j1j7

[B55] ▻https://youtu.be/Ses8mRjm-Ew?t=28

[B56] ▻https://youtu.be/Y0_BxzSWdKI?t=919

[B57] ▻https://youtu.be/rMHZTJQjnKc?t=112

[B58] ▻https://youtu.be/STqv600KN3k?t=470

[B60]▻https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/nsa-ausschuss-ehemaliger-us-drohnenpilot-zwoelfjaehrige-galten-als-legi

[B61]▻https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/prozess-in-koeln-us-drohnenkrieg-darf-ueber-ramstein-laufen-1.2495841

[B62]▻https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/drohnenangriffe-was-in-ramstein-vor-sich-geht-1.3277427

[B63]▻https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/syrien-kampf-gegen-islamischer-staat-mehrere-zivilisten-in-baghus-getoetet-a

[B64]▻https://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/syrien-luftangriff-der-us-koalition-toetet-mindestens-43-menschen-a-1239032.

[B65]▻https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/04/syria-unprecedented-investigation-reveals-us-led-coalition-killed-more-than

[B66]Experten gehen von insgesammt 7596 getöteten Zivilisten durch die Koalition aus. UN-Experten nehmen die Airwars-Zahlen sehr ernst.“ Video daneben zeigen: ▻https://www1.wdr.de/daserste/monitor/videos/video-die-zivilen-opfer-der-anti-is-koalition-100.html

[B67]According to Airwars, 1,472 civilians had been killed by the U.S. air campaign in Iraq and Syria in March 2017 alone ▻https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/us-coalition-air-strikes-isis-russia-kill-more-civilians-march-middle

[B68]an einem einzigen Tag: On March 17, a U.S.-led coalition airstrike in Mosul killed more than 200
civilians▻https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-air-strike-mosul-200-civilians-killed-isis-northern-iraq-pentagon-

[B69]Hier auch gute Übersicht: ▻https://airwars.org/conflict/coalition-in-iraq-and-syria

[B70] ▻https://youtu.be/Cb485CVJKBw?t=136

[B71]▻https://www.zeit.de/politik/deutschland/2018-01/waffenexporte-ruestungsexporte-deutschland-krisengebiete-rekordhoch

[B72]▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuiqnFpptYA

[B73]▻https://www.tagesspiegel.de/politik/trotz-exportstopp-deutsche-ruestungsgueter-fuer-400-millionen-euro-an-jemen-kriegsallianz/24153698.html

[B74]▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBU-12_Paveway_II#/media/File:GBU-12_xxl.jpg
Gemeinfrei, ►https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=593515

[B75]▻https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/AGM-114_Hellfire#/media/File:Lockheed_Martin_Longbow_Hellfire.jpg
Gemeinfrei, ►https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=593515

[B76]▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjSYSO7-cM0

[B77]▻https://www.spiegel.de/politik/deutschland/deutschland-muss-drohneneinsaetze-der-usa-aus-ramstein-pruefen-a-1258647.htm

[B78]▻https://youtu.be/HZ8YAiVWToI?t=697

#Allemagne #CDU #politique #environnement

Should Scientists Publish Their Personal Biases? - Facts So Romantic
▻http://nautil.us/blog/should-scientists-publish-their-personal-biases

http://static.nautil.us/13901_b27152e13b5ed9b61478a1384d7b9bf2.png

What if scientists were more transparent about their values? Would their results and recommendations be better received and more trusted if they acknowledged any relevant personal beliefs that may have shaped their research? Nope. Transparency hurts.Photo Illustration by Francesco Izzo / WikicommonsA lot of modern science challenges us to change our behaviors. Results related to climate change, for example, suggest we travel, shop, and eat differently. Psychology and sociology ask us to shift our perceptions of each other.Once the science is done, though, the work is not over. The next step involves facing one of a scientist’s “most significant challenges,” according to a recent study in PLoS ONE. And that is the headache of dealing with how their message comes across to an ideologically (...)

Scientists discover what’s killing the bees and it’s worse than you thought — Quartz
▻https://qz.com/107970/scientists-discover-whats-killing-the-bees-and-its-worse-than-you-thought
▻https://qzprod.files.wordpress.com/2013/07/beeinsectide.jpg?quality=80&strip=all&w=1600

Suspects have included pesticides, disease-bearing parasites and poor nutrition. But in a first-of-its-kind study published today in the journal PLOS ONE, scientists at the University of Maryland and the US Department of Agriculture have identified a witch’s brew of pesticides and fungicides contaminating pollen that bees collect to feed their hives. The findings break new ground on why large numbers of bees are dying

#abeilles #agriculture #pesticides #fongicides

Study: half of the studies you read about in the news are wrong
▻http://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2017/3/3/14792174/half-scientific-studies-news-are-wrong

The authors of the PLOS One paper assembled a huge database of studies in biomedical #science, follow-ups to those studies, and meta-studies on those follow-ups. And then they searched the Dow Jones Factiva newspaper database to see how often each type of study was covered.

They found that initial studies were around five times more likely to be reported on than follow-up studies. And meta-reviews were barely covered at all.

[...] Here’s why this is a problem. The PLOS One analysis paper found that only 48.7 percent of 156 studies reported by newspapers were confirmed by a subsequent meta-review. The percentage dropped to 34 when the researchers focused on initial studies only.

#selon_une_étude_récente

Quantifying the distribution of editorial power and manuscript decision bias at the mega-journal PLOS ONE
▻https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.04906

We focused on two variables that represent social factors that capture potential conflicts-of-interest: (i) we accounted for the social ties between editors and authors by developing a measure of repeat authorship among an editor’s article set, and (ii) we accounted for the rate of citations directed towards the editor’s own publications in the reference list of each article he/she oversaw. Our results indicate that these two factors play a significant role in the editorial decision process. Moreover, these two effects appear to increase with editor age, which is consistent with behavioral studies concerning the evolution of misbehavior and response to temptation in power-driven environments.

#pouvoir #journaux_scientifiques

A stunning visualization of our divided Congress
▻https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2015/04/23/a-stunning-visualization-of-our-divided-congress

Political polarization is on the rise, and with it come lots of clever new ways to visualize that polarization. I’ve even taken a crack at it myself. A group of researchers recently gave it another go in a paper published in PLOS One, and while it doesn’t tell us anything we don’t already know, it’s nonetheless one of the more effective visualizations of rising partisanship that I’ve seen. Take a gander.

https://img.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/files/2015/04/journal.pone_.0123507.g002.png

This 60-second animation shows how divided Congress has become over the last 60 years

It’s news to no one that Congress has had a hard time passing legislation in recent years. Some have even asserted that partisanship in Washington has reached historic levels. But how do we put the current divide in perspective? A group of researchers recently tried to quantify and visualize House partisanship in a paper published in PLoS ONE.

▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tEczkhfLwqM

#politique #visualisation

L’anxiété des mathématiques : quand les maths font mal — RIRE
▻http://rire.ctreq.qc.ca/2016/07/anxiete_mathematiques2

Les gens souffrant de haut niveau d’anxiété évaluative mentionnent souvent des symptômes de tension, d’appréhension, de peur et même de douleur physique. L’équipe de chercheurs a vu ici une opportunité de mieux comprendre comment l’humain peut ressentir de la douleur dans une situation ne présentant pas de risque physique. — Permalink

#mathématique #psychologie

PLOS ONE: The Network of Global Corporate Control

▻http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0025995

The structure of the control network of transnational corporations affects global market competition and financial stability. So far, only small national samples were studied and there was no appropriate methodology to assess control globally. We present the first investigation of the architecture of the international ownership network, along with the computation of the control held by each global player. We find that transnational corporations form a giant bow-tie structure and that a large portion of control flows to a small tightly-knit core of financial institutions. This core can be seen as an economic “super-entity” that raises new important issues both for researchers and policy makers.

#contrôle #pouvoir #réseau #multinationale

PLOS ONE: Journal Impact Factor Shapes Scientists’ Reward Signal in the Prospect of Publication
▻http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0142537

Abstract
The incentive structure of a scientist’s life is increasingly mimicking economic principles. While intensely criticized, the journal impact factor (JIF) has taken a role as the new currency for scientists. Successful goal-directed behavior in academia thus requires knowledge about the JIF. Using functional neuroimaging we examined how the JIF, as a powerful incentive in academia, has shaped the behavior of scientists and the reward signal in the striatum. We demonstrate that the reward signal in the nucleus accumbens increases with higher JIF during the anticipation of a publication and found a positive correlation with the personal publication record (pJIF) supporting the notion that scientists have incorporated the predominant reward principle of the scientific community in their reward system. The implications of this behavioral adaptation within the ecological niche of the scientist’s habitat remain unknown, but may also have effects which were not intended by the community.

https://dl.dropbox.com/s/iyl6c8rilrp01yr/journal.pone.0142537.g001.PNG#.jpg

PLOS ONE: Increased Wounding of Southern Right Whale (Eubalaena australis) Calves by Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus) at Península Valdés, Argentina
▻http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0139291

Abstract
At least 626 southern right whale (Eubalaena australis) calves died at the Península Valdés calving ground, Argentina, between 2003 and 2014. Intense gull harassment may have contributed to these deaths. In the 1970s, Kelp Gulls (Larus dominicanus) began feeding on skin and blubber pecked from the backs of living right whales at Valdés. The frequency of gull attacks has increased dramatically over the last three decades and mother-calf pairs are the primary targets. Pairs attacked by gulls spend less time nursing, resting and playing than pairs not under attack. In successive attacks, gulls open new lesions on the whales’ backs or enlarge preexisting ones. Increased wounding could potentially lead to dehydration, impaired thermoregulation, and energy loss to wound healing. The presence, number and total area of gull-inflicted lesions were assessed using aerial survey photographs of living mother-calf pairs in 1974–2011 (n = 2680) and stranding photographs of dead calves (n = 192) in 2003–2011. The percentage of living mothers and calves with gull lesions increased from an average of 2% in the 1970s to 99% in the 2000s. In the 1980s and 1990s, mothers and calves had roughly equal numbers of lesions (one to five), but by the 2000s, calves had more lesions (nine or more) covering a greater area of their backs compared to their mothers. Living mother-calf pairs and dead calves in Golfo Nuevo had more lesions than those in Golfo San José in the 2000s. The number and area of lesions increased with calf age during the calving season. Intensified Kelp Gull harassment at Península Valdés could be compromising calf health and thereby contributing to the high average rate of calf mortality observed in recent years, but it cannot explain the large year-to-year variance in calf deaths since 2000.

PLOS ONE: Infants Time Their Smiles to Make Their Moms Smile
▻http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0136492

Abstract
One of the earliest forms of interaction between mothers and infants is smiling games. While the temporal dynamics of these games have been extensively studied, they are still not well understood. Why do mothers and infants time their smiles the way they do? To answer this question we applied methods from control theory, an approach frequently used in robotics, to analyze and synthesize goal-oriented behavior. The results of our analysis show that by the time infants reach 4 months of age both mothers and infants time their smiles in a purposeful, goal-oriented manner. In our study, mothers consistently attempted to maximize the time spent in mutual smiling, while infants tried to maximize mother-only smile time. To validate this finding, we ported the smile timing strategy used by infants to a sophisticated child-like robot that automatically perceived and produced smiles while interacting with adults. As predicted, this strategy proved successful at maximizing adult-only smile time. The results indicate that by 4 months of age infants interact with their mothers in a goal-oriented manner, utilizing a sophisticated understanding of timing in social interactions. Our work suggests that control theory is a promising technique for both analyzing complex interactive behavior and providing new insights into the development of social communication.

PLOS ONE: Sustainable Development under Population Pressure: Lessons from Developed Land Consumption in the Conterminous U.S.
►http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0119675

►http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0119675

Population growth will result in a significant anthropogenic environmental change worldwide through increases in developed land (DL) consumption. DL consumption is an important environmental and socioeconomic process affecting humans and ecosystems. Attention has been given to DL modeling inside highly populated cities. However, modeling DL consumption should expand to non-metropolitan areas where arguably the environmental consequences are more significant. Here, we study all counties within the conterminous U.S. and based on satellite-derived product (National Land Cover Dataset 2001) we calculate the associated DL for each county. By using county population data from the 2000 census we present a comparative study on DL consumption and we propose a model linking population with expected DL consumption. Results indicate distinct geographic patterns of comparatively low and high consuming counties moving from east to west. We also demonstrate that the relationship of DL consumption with population is mostly linear, altering the notion that expected population growth will have lower DL consumption if added in counties with larger population. Added DL consumption is independent of a county’s starting population and only dependent on whether the county belongs to a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). In the overlapping MSA and non-MSA population range there is also a constant DL efficiency gain of approximately 20km2 for a given population for MSA counties which suggests that transitioning from rural to urban counties has significantly higher benefits in lower populations. In addition, we analyze the socioeconomic composition of counties with extremely high or low DL consumption. High DL consumption counties have statistically lower Black/African American population, higher poverty rate and lower income per capita than average in both NMSA and MSA counties. Our analysis offers a baseline to investigate further land consumption strategies in anticipation of growing population pressures.

Are You Addicted to These Foods? | Everyday Health
▻http://www.everydayhealth.com/infographics/are-you-addicted-these-foods/?xid=tw_everydayhealth_sf

http://images.agoramedia.com/everydayhealth/gcms/addictive-foods-2.jpg http://images.agoramedia.com/everydayhealth/gcms/addictive-foods-2.jpg?width=-1

Behaviors and attitudes toward some foods might follow an addictive pattern, according to a new study published in the journal PLOS One.

A Holiday Guest Is Leaving Dangerous Poop in Your Couch - Facts So Romantic
▻http://nautil.us/blog/a-holiday-guest-is-leaving-dangerous-poop-in-your-couch

http://static.nautil.us/5011_0342c9a7b54450830e9727b98f8e3cb7_314x177.jpg

We have long known that we can catch germs while traveling. Recent years have shown that we can also bring home bed bugs. This holiday season, a PLoS One study informs us that by merely plopping into the seat of a car or airplane, we can unknowingly pick up dust mites—microscopic 8-legged arthropods that eat the dead parts of our bodies such as skin scales, dandruff flakes, and hair. Dust mites are eyeless, headless, and heartless, yet they’re expert travelers. They’ve been trekking around the world for 400 million years; in the modern era, they travel fast and in style, stowing away inside our seat cushions, luggage, and clothes. Although dust mites don’t directly harm us, they trigger allergies in about a billion people. But we aren’t allergic to the buggers themselves. We’re allergic to (...)

PLOS ONE: Mapping the Diversity of Maize Races in Mexico
▻http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0114657

Traditional landraces of maize are cultivated throughout more than one-half of Mexico’s cropland. Efforts to organize in situ conservation of this important genetic resource have been limited by the lack of knowledge of regional diversity patterns. We used recent and historic collections of maize classified for race type to determine biogeographic regions and centers of landrace diversity. We also analyzed how diversity has changed over the last sixty years. Based on racial composition of maize we found that Mexico can be divided into 11 biogeographic regions. Six of these biogeographic regions are in the center and west of the country and contain more than 90% of the reported samples for 38 of the 47 races studied; these six regions are also the most diverse. We found no evidence of rapid overall decline in landrace diversity for this period. However, several races are now less frequently reported and two regions seem to support lower diversity than in previous collection periods. Our results are consistent with a previous hypothesis for diversification centers and for migration routes of original maize populations merging in western central Mexico. We provide maps of regional diversity patterns and landrace based biogeographic regions that may guide efforts to conserve maize genetic resources.

https://dl.dropbox.com/s/vuvgga3jnf7sb9s/ma%C3%AFs.png?dl=0

Diversity areas and biogeographic regions for the races of maize in Mexico.

a) Race richness (number of races occurring within each grid cell) and diversity centers and b) biogeographic regions for the races of maize in Mexico (see also S2 Figure). Six biogeographic regions are also diversity centers (numbers 1 to 6): 1) Chiapas Complex, 2) Oaxacan Valleys and Sierras, 3) Western Costal Mountain Range, 4) Central Plateau, 5) Northwest Sierras, 6) Chihuahuan Canyons, 7) Northern Plateau, 8) Gulf and Isthmus Plains, 9) Yucatán Peninsula, 10) Bajío, and 11) Baja California and Northwest.

#maïs #biodiversité #mexique

Evolutionary Strategies of Viruses, Bacteria and Archaea in Hydrothermal Vent Ecosystems Revealed through Metagenomics - PLOS ONE:
▻http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0109696

PLOS ONE: What Doesn’t Kill You Makes You Wary? Effect of Repeated Culling on the Behaviour of an Invasive Predator
▻http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0094248

Raffa

PLOS ONE: What Doesn’t Kill You Makes You Wary? Effect of Repeated Culling on the Behaviour of an Invasive Predator - ▻http://www.plosone.org/article...

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“Shifts in the behaviour of hunted invasive animals might be common and they have implications both for the impact of invasive species and for the design and success of invasive control programs.” - Raffa

▻http://www.plosone.org/article/fetchObject.action?uri=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0094248.g002&representation=PNG_I

BBC News - Mysterious Voynich manuscript has ’genuine message’
►http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22975809

The message inside “the world’s most mysterious medieval manuscript” has eluded cryptographers, mathematicians and linguists for over a century.

http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/68288000/jpg/_68288322_new_voynich_manuscript_(170).jpg

And for many, the so-called Voynich book is assumed to be a hoax.

But a new study, published in the journal Plos One, suggests the manuscript may, after all, hold a genuine message.

Scientists say they found linguistic patterns they believe to be meaningful words within the text.

Et aussi ceci :

PLOS ONE: Keywords and Co-Occurrence Patterns in the Voynich Manuscript: An Information-Theoretic Analysis
▻http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0066344

The Voynich manuscript has remained so far as a mystery for linguists and cryptologists. While the text written on medieval parchment -using an unknown script system- shows basic statistical patterns that bear resemblance to those from real languages, there are features that suggested to some researches that the manuscript was a forgery intended as a hoax. Here we analyse the long-range structure of the manuscript using methods from information theory.

https://dl.dropbox.com/s/bs4yj4t31vy7uzk/voynich.png

We show that the Voynich manuscript presents a complex organization in the distribution of words that is compatible with those found in real language sequences. We are also able to extract some of the most significant semantic word-networks in the text. These results together with some previously known statistical features of the Voynich manuscript, give support to the presence of a genuine message inside the book.

http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/68286000/jpg/_68286107_300_ricardus_11.jpg

#visualisation #mystère #cartographie #représentation

Breeding Bacteria on Factory Farms - NYTimes.com
▻http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/07/09/breeding-bacteria-on-factory-farms/?smid=tw-bittman

La dernière étude en date montrant la dangerosité de l’antibiothérapie préventive dans l’élevage « industriel »

The latest study concerning antibiotic resistance was published last week in the journal PLoS One. It looked at livestock workers in North Carolina (the nation’s second biggest hog-producing state, after Iowa), including those in what the study’s authors called “industrial” livestock production and those on farms where the animals were raised without antibiotics and grown on pasture. In this study, the S. aureus bacteria with genetic markers most closely linked to livestock were found in far greater numbers in workers on the industrial farms.

La FDA traîne les pieds pour remédier à cette situation..

The F.D.A., which is under court order to do something about the routine use of antibiotics, has come up with a lame voluntary reduction scheme — “Guidance 213,” it’s called — acting as if it will save its real regulatory muscle for after this scheme flops. (Which it will — flop, that is.) Worse, despite repeated promises that the voluntary guidelines were imminent, they haven’t issued even those. And now, “Guidance 213 is currently in the clearance process, but we cannot predict a timeline on its release,” an agency spokeswoman wrote me in an e-mail. Period.

.. et, quelques exceptions mises à part, l’Etat aussi

That’s simply insulting. Of course, almost no one is pushing the F.D.A. to do its job. There are a handful of people in Congress; certainly some well-meaning NGOs like Pew Charitable Trusts, Natural Resources Defense Council and others; and dedicated individuals like the lawyer Bill Marler. Against them are arrayed not only Big Pharma — which is providing four times as many antibiotics to animals as it is to humans — but industrial ag, which cares only about raising animals “efficiently” and profitably.

#santé #microbiologie #résistance_aux_antibiotiques #pharma #bigpharma #agroindustrie #lobbying

Failure to Demonstrate That Playing Violent Video Games Diminishes Prosocial Behavior | PLOS ONE
▻http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0068382

We failed to find evidence that playing video games affects prosocial behavior. Research on the effects of video game play is of significant public interest. It is therefore important that speculation be rigorously tested and findings replicated. Here we fail to substantiate conjecture that playing contemporary violent video games will lead to diminished prosocial behavior.

#résultats_négatifs #recherche #jeux_vidéo #violence via @nathangeffen et pour @baroug

Mysterious Voynich manuscript has ’genuine message’
►http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-22975809

The message inside “the world’s most mysterious medieval manuscript” has eluded cryptographers, mathematicians and linguists for over a century.

And for many, the so-called Voynich book is assumed to be a hoax.

But a new study, published in the journal Plos One, suggests the manuscript may, after all, hold a genuine message.

http://news.bbcimg.co.uk/media/images/68289000/jpg/_68289512_new_3voynich_manuscript_(178).jpg

PLOS ONE: Sweet Puppies and Cute Babies: Perceptual Adaptation to Babyfacedness Transfers across Species
▻http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0058248

Infant faces are very salient stimuli. The #Kindchenschema describes specific features that characterize a cute infant face. In this study we used a visual adaptation paradigm to investigate the universality of the perceptual properties of the Kindchenschema. In Experiment 1, twenty-four participants adapted to cute and less cute human infant faces and in Experiment 2, twenty-four new participants adapted to cute and less cute faces of puppy dogs. In both experiments the task was to assess the cuteness of subsequently presented human infant faces. The results revealed cuteness after-effects for human infant faces in both adaptation conditions, suggesting a common mechanism coding cuteness in human and non-human faces. This study provides experimental evidence for the universality of the well-described concept of the Kindchenschema.

(via ▻http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/seriouslyscience/?p=34)

Une analyse rétrospective de l’épisode de grippe porcine de 2009. En gros, un (auto)satisfecit global : on aurait pu faire (un peu) mieux — une semaine plus tôt — mais ça n’aurait rien changé et on aurait pu faire bien pire…

▻http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0059893.g001/largerimage

PLOS ONE : Did Advances in Global Surveillance and Notification Systems Make a Difference in the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic ?–A Retrospective Analysis
▻http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0059893

Results
This analysis revealed three critical events. First, medical personnel identified pH1N1in California children because of an experimental surveillance program, leading to a novel viral strain being identified by CDC. Second, Mexican officials recognized that unconnected outbreaks represented a single phenomenon. Finally, the identification of a pH1N1 outbreak in a New York City high school was hastened by awareness of the emerging pandemic. Analysis of the timeline suggests that at best the global response could have been about one week earlier (which would not have stopped spread to other countries), and could have been much later.

Conclusions
This analysis shows that investments in global surveillance and notification systems made an important difference in the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. In particular, enhanced laboratory capacity in the U.S. and Canada led to earlier detection and characterization of the 2009 H1N1. This includes enhanced capacity at the federal, state, and local levels in the U.S., as well as a trilateral agreement enabling collaboration among U.S., Canada, and Mexico. In addition, improved global notification systems contributed by helping health officials understand the relevance and importance of their own information.

Pourquoi le rouge à lèvres ?
Parce que l’âge perçu dépend du contraste du visage.

Une étude (entièrement consultable en ligne) du CERIES, centre de recherches du groupe Chanel.

PLOS ONE: Aspects of Facial Contrast Decrease with Age and Are Cues for Age Perception
Aurélie Porcheron, Emmanuelle Mauger, Richard Russell
▻http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0057985

http://assets.nydailynews.com/polopoly_fs/1.1290725.1363466419!/img/httpImage/image.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_635/youth17n-1-web.jpg

L’abstract

Age is a primary social dimension. We behave differently toward people as a function of how old we perceive them to be. Age perception relies on cues that are correlated with age, such as wrinkles. Here we report that aspects of facial contrast–the contrast between facial features and the surrounding skin–decreased with age in a large sample of adult Caucasian females. These same aspects of facial contrast were also significantly correlated with the perceived age of the faces. Individual faces were perceived as younger when these aspects of facial contrast were artificially increased, but older when these aspects of facial contrast were artificially decreased. These findings show that facial contrast plays a role in age perception, and that faces with greater facial contrast look younger. Because facial contrast is increased by typical cosmetics use, we infer that cosmetics function in part by making the face appear younger.

Opinion : Academic Publishing Is Broken | The Scientist
►http://the-scientist.com/2012/03/19/opinion-academic-publishing-is-broken
Pourquoi l’open access ne se développe pas assez et comment à la fin cela pourrait se produire...

It’s certainly not due to cost. To publish in the reputable open-access journal PLoS ONE costs a publication fee of $1,350. Other open-access journals average a bit less, around $906. To publish in an Elsevier journal, on the other hand, appears to cost some $10,500. In 2011, 78 percent of Elsevier’s total revenue, or £1,605 million, was contributed by journal subscriptions. In the same year, Elsevier published 240,000 articles, making the average cost per article some £6,689, or about $10,500 US. So to publish behind a paywall with Elsevier—and make your work available to only some other researchers and no members of the public—costs nearly eight times more than publishing openly with PLoS. It’s apparent that we are not getting value for money from the traditional academic publishers.

#open-access
#edition