• I vantaggi socioeconomici dell’agroecologia

    Un nuovo studio ne mostra gli effetti positivi per ambiente, redditi degli agricoltori e territori marginali. Altro che “non ci sono alternative ai pesticidi”.

    Negli ultimi mesi, i tentativi fatti dalla Commissione europea per rendere l’agricoltura un po’ più sostenibile sono finiti sotto attacco. Le misure per mettere in pratica le strategie “Farm to fork” e “Biodiversità 2030” sono state messe sotto scacco dalle proteste dei trattori che si sono svolte in tutta Europa e dalle richieste dei sindacati agricoli, che hanno trovato nuovo slancio per mantenere lo status quo. Tali esigenze saranno all’attenzione della politica in grado di influenzare, da destra, le elezioni europee dell’8 e 9 giugno.

    Per demolire il Green Deal dell’Unione europea si sono usati diversi argomenti, tra cui quello secondo cui non è possibile fare agricoltura senza pesticidi o input chimici di sintesi. Se si vuole essere produttivi e sfamare il mondo l’unica strada è quella battuta negli ultimi settant’anni. E la risposta alla crisi del settore agricolo viene indicata proprio nell’aumentare l’intensificazione e favorire i processi di modernizzazione.

    Nasce in questo humus culturale la proposta dell’Agricoltura 4.0, in cui digitale, robotica e genetica sono sempre più integrati in un mondo che lascia sempre meno autonomia agli agricoltori e a noi cittadini.

    Ma siamo sicuri che non ci sia nulla all’orizzonte a parte il business as usual? Per fortuna c’è una scienza che ci racconta una strada alternativa alla monocoltura industriale e sostiene la capacità di trasformare l’agricoltura rendendola più sostenibile dal punto di vista ambientale, sociale, tecnico produttivo ed economico

    Va in questa direzione lo studio “The socio-economic performance of agroecology. A review”, pubblicato a marzo 2024 dalla rivista Agronomy for sustainable development. Gli autori hanno analizzato circa 13mila articoli scientifici per arrivare a dimostrare, dati alla mano, la validità delle tecniche agroecologiche. Finalmente esiste un’evidenza scientifica e documentata che c’è un’alternativa al modello produttivista, che viene già praticata ma viene ignorata dalle politiche o dai cosiddetti portatori di interesse (ma quali interessi? E di chi?)

    L’articolo indaga l’impatto socio-economico dell’agroecologia trovando in letteratura il 51% di riscontri positivi, a fronte di un 30% di negativi e dei restanti con conclusioni non rilevanti. Inoltre, vengono studiate una serie di pratiche, come l’agroforestazione e le consociazioni, mettendo in evidenza il loro impatto economico positivo sulle aziende.

    Se dal lato agronomico, quindi, è evidente la validità di questa pratica, il punto dolente emerge dall’impatto sul lavoro: il cambiamento di modello agricolo richiede più manodopera e una maggiore capacità da parte degli agricoltori di interagire con il proprio ambiente di riferimento (fisico, sociale ed economico).

    Insomma, dobbiamo riconsiderare il ruolo della forza lavoro in agricoltura e rivedere il dogma delle scienze economiche secondo cui un Paese con un alto numero di occupati in agricoltura è sottosviluppato. Per farlo è necessario mettere in atto politiche attive che favoriscano l’intensificazione della manodopera invece che dei capitali o degli investimenti.

    D’altronde riportare persone nelle campagne, e di conseguenza nelle nostre zone collinari o montuose, aiuterebbe a contrastare quel fenomeno di spopolamento che sta desertificando le aree rurali italiane. Insomma, l’agroecologia avrebbe un impatto benefico sull’ambiente, sui redditi degli agricoltori, ma anche a livello sociale creando opportunità economiche in territori marginali. Aumentare le capacità degli agricoltori, invece, comporta rivedere i modelli di ricerca e assistenza tecnica, mandando in pensione, finalmente, l’abusato concetto di trasferimento tecnologico. Questi sarebbero i punti da mettere nell’agenda della prossima Commissione europea.

    https://altreconomia.it/i-vantaggi-socioeconomici-dellagroecologia

    #agroécologie #agriculture_biologique #agriculture #impact_social #impact_économique #économie

    • The socio-economic performance of agroecology. A review

      Agroecology is identified as an important solution to increase the sustainability of agricultural and food systems. Despite the increasing number of publications assessing the socio-economic outcomes of agroecology, very few studies have consolidated the scattered results obtained on various case studies. This paper provides new insights by consolidating evidence on the varied socio-economic effects of agroecology across a large number of cases at a global level. To this purpose, we used a rapid review methodology, screening more than 13,000 publications to retrieve evidence on the socio-economic outcomes of the implementation of agroecological practices. The results of the review indicate that (1) agroecological practices are associated more often with positive socio-economic outcomes across the broad range of evaluated metrics (51% positive, 30% negative, 10% neutral, and 9% inconclusive outcomes); (2) the socio-economic metrics associated with financial capital represent the vast majority of evaluated metrics (83% of total) and are affected positively in a large share of cases (53%), due to favourable outcomes on income, revenues, productivity and efficiency; (3) human capital metrics (16%) are associated with a larger number of negative outcomes (46% versus 38% positive), due to higher labour requirements and costs that are however partly compensated by an overall greater number of positive outcomes on labour productivity (55%); and (4) the results vary depending on the agroecological practice assessed; e.g. for agroforestry, we identify 53% positive outcomes while for cropping system diversification 35%. These results indicate an overall favourable potential for farms to benefit from a positive socio-economic performance with the use of agroecological practices. Yet, the magnitude, temporal aspects, and success factors related to these outcomes, as well as the trade-offs between them, and the system-level effects of an agroecological transition are to be further assessed, since they can have an important influence on the performance of individual farms.

      https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13593-024-00945-9

  • Connaître les morts de la Méditerranée

    Depuis dix ans, près de 30 000 personnes sont mortes ou ont disparu en tentant de franchir la Méditerranée. Qui sont-elles ? Comment les identifier ? Des anthropologues et des activistes tentent de répondre.

    Lorsqu’ils sont vivants, les autorités s’empressent de vouloir les identifier, collecter notamment leurs empreintes digitales afin de les tracer et les empêcher de tenter de nouvelles fois de franchir les frontières. Lorsqu’ils sont morts, en revanche, ces mêmes autorités, ou d’autres, se fichent totalement de savoir qui ils ou elles sont. Ils et elles ce sont les exilé.es qui au péril de leur vie traversent la Méditerranée. Anthropologues, Carolina Kobelinsky et Filippo Furri ont cherché à connaître ces morts de la Méditerranée. Ils sont cette semaine les invités de La Suite dans les Idées. Et seront rejoint en seconde partie, depuis la Suisse, par l’écrivain Timba Bemba.

    https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/la-suite-dans-les-idees/connaitre-les-morts-de-la-mediterranee-1580262

    #mourir_aux_frontières #décès #identification #morts_aux_frontières #Méditerranée #migrations #réfugiés #carolina_kobelinsky #filippo_furri
    #podcast #audio #Timba_Bema

  • L’#amiante, l’histoire sans fin

    Toujours produite et vendue, la fibre cancérigène continue de faire des ravages. Cette enquête souligne l’impossible défi du #désamiantage et dénonce les scandales des multinationales prédatrices ou le cynisme de certains pays. Accablant.

    « Nous vous proposons ce matériau pour les murs de votre maison. Conçu pour durer toute une vie. Comme votre toit en amiante, comme le revêtement de votre sol. Une vie sans souci. » Certes, l’époque n’est plus aux publicités vantant les qualités d’un minerai censé convenir aux rêves de perfection domestique des Trente Glorieuses : l’amiante est en effet interdite en France depuis 1997 et dans toute l’Union européenne depuis 2005. Mais ceux qui pensent que son impact mortifère sur la santé mondiale appartient au passé se trompent lourdement. L’OMS estime qu’elle provoque encore la mort de plus de 100 000 personnes chaque année à travers le monde, cancers et #maladies_pulmonaires ne se déclarant souvent que plusieurs décennies après l’exposition. Flexible, résistante, formidable isolant et bon marché, l’amiante est utilisée en masse depuis la seconde partie du XXe siècle lorsque pouvoirs publics ou secteur privé en inondent le marché du textile puis du bâtiment, malgré une nocivité attestée par des études scientifiques dès les années 1930. De cet aveuglement volontaire résulte un défi colossal : en Europe, par exemple, il faudra cent ans et plusieurs milliards d’euros pour se débarrasser de la fibre cancérigène, sans parler des dégâts causés par la #contamination des déchets répandus dans la nature.

    Les métastases du profit

    Loin de se contenter de consigner les errements du passé, ce documentaire radiographie aussi notre époque : les symptômes d’une course au profit sont plus prégnants que jamais et les scandales se multiplient comme les métastases d’un capitalisme sans scrupule. L’amiante, elle, gagne de nouveaux marchés. En #Russie, la plus grande mine du monde permet d’en exporter 600 000 tonnes chaque année, tout en niant l’idée de maladie professionnelle pour ses ouvriers... mais pas pour ses cadres. Au #Bangladesh, des « petites mains » démantèlent cargos et supertankers européens farcis d’amiante sans information sur les dangers qu’elles courent. En Amérique latine, la colère gronde contre certaines entreprises européennes, comme le groupe franco-belgo-suisse #Eternit, qui continuent d’exporter un produit pourtant interdit sur le Vieux Continent. Recueillant la parole d’experts, de scientifiques, de militants ou de personnes malades, cette investigation aux séquences chocs, expose une vérité sidérante : malgré les morts, la science et les évidences, la fibre tueuse a encore de beaux jours devant elle.

    https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/096315-000-A/l-amiante-l-histoire-sans-fin

    #amiante #documentaire #film_documentaire #santé #cancer

    signalé par @vanderling en 2022 : https://seenthis.net/messages/974040

  • Global producer responsibility for plastic pollution

    Brand names can be used to hold plastic companies accountable for their items found polluting the environment. We used data from a 5-year (2018–2022) worldwide (84 countries) program to identify brands found on plastic items in the environment through 1576 audit events. We found that 50% of items were unbranded, calling for mandated producer reporting. The top five brands globally were The #Coca-Cola Company (11%), #PepsiCo (5%), #Nestlé (3%), #Danone (3%), and #Altria (2%), accounting for 24% of the total branded count, and 56 companies accounted for more than 50%. There was a clear and strong log-log linear relationship production (%) = pollution (%) between companies’ annual production of plastic and their branded plastic pollution, with food and beverage companies being disproportionately large polluters. Phasing out single-use and short-lived plastic products by the largest polluters would greatly reduce global plastic pollution.

    https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adj8275

    #responsabilité #plastique #multinationales

    via @freakonometrics

  • Campi di lavoro e lavoro nei campi

    Dall’agosto 1940 e fino alla fine del 1945 vennero internati, in numerosi campi sparsi sull’insieme del territorio ticinese, mediamente circa un migliaio di soldati stranieri, i quali rappresentarono una categoria specifica dell’insieme dei profughi accolti durante la Seconda guerra mondiale. Si trattò in gran parte di soldati polacchi, ma nei campi allestiti in Ticino risiedettero per periodi di tempo variabili pure francesi, italiani, tedeschi, austriaci, sovietici, indiani e vietnamiti, nonché un contingente di combattenti provenienti dal continente africano. Chi erano questi uomini? A quale regime furono sottoposti e perché? Dove sorsero i campi in cui furono confinati? Come trascorrevano le loro giornate? Quali furono i rapporti con la popolazione locale? Quale memoria della loro presenza si è sedimentata in Ticino? Attingendo a fonti archivistiche sinora poco sfruttate, il volume analizza e approfondisce il tema dell’internamento militare sul piano regionale, facendolo costantemente dialogare in senso verticale con quello nazionale. La pluralità degli approcci adottati e dei punti di vista considerati ha consentito di fare emergere alcune specificità ticinesi e, in altri casi, di fare luce su aspetti finora poco studiati dell’internamento militare nel suo insieme. Colmando una lacuna storiografica e fornendo un quadro esaustivo delle coordinate geografiche e temporali dell’internamento militare, il libro si presta a fungere da strumento imprescindibile per chiunque voglia affrontare la tematica della presenza di internati militari in Ticino ed eventualmente approfondirla sul piano locale.

    #livre
    #camps_de_travail #Tessin #Suisse #histoire #réfugiés_ukrainiens #réfugiés_polonais #Pologne #deuxième_guerre_mondiale #seconde_guerre_mondiale #WWII #mémoire

    • Polish Army in Insubrica region: the case study of Polish internees in Losone

      During the German campaign in the West, in June 1940, 2nd Polish Infantry Division under command of Bronisław Prugar-Ketling (1891-1948) was sent to the French region of Belfort to support 8th French army. After being cut off from supply, approximately 12,000 to 13,000 Polish soldiers of this Infantry Division, crossed the Swiss border on 19-20 June 1940, south of Ajoie, avoiding thus the German capture.

      The soldiers were interned in Switzerland according to the Hague Convention. After a failed attempt to concentrate all Pole servicemen in only one camp in Büren an der Aare, Polish soldiers were dispersed throughout Switzerland. From 1941, barrack camps were set up in all Switzerland, where these Poles soldiers were interned until December 1945. In the Insubrica region, many Polish soldiers were gathered and managed in Losone, nearby Locarno and Ascona.

      These interned Poles soldiers made mainly group-wise work assignments for the Swiss national defence works, related to the national infrastructure like constructions of roads and bridges, drainage of swamps as well as general works in the agriculture. A total of 450 kilometers in paths, bridges and canals were built alone in Ticino by these servicemen. At present, monuments and commemorative plaques commemorate the involuntary stay of these Polish soldiers people throughout the Ticino region. After the war, around 500 Poles were able to settle down in Switzerland, obtaining the Swiss citizenship.

      In addition to building and paving roads between Arcegno and Golino in the Canton Ticino, the Polish army soldiers, interned in the Losone camp during 1941-1945, worked hard to reclaim approximately 100 hectares of the land in the municipality of Losone between “Saleggi” and “Gerre”. This hard work reshaped radically the landscape of the region in the mid of the 1940s.

      Thanks to the intervention of Polish soldiers, a large amount of uncultivated agricultural areas in Ticino could be developed and, later, transformed in tourist and industrial zones.

      A hard work of Polish prisoners allowed a creation of a very important agricultural zone in Losone that persisted for many years until a construction of the famous 18 holes Golf place (shown in the centre of the map that can be seen above).

      Further in the North, in the 1980’s, an important industrial settlement called “Zandone” was created (on the left side of the above shown map). The Polish work allowed to erect a large camping in Melezza and the “Scuderia delle cavalli delle Gerre” in the area of Zandone. Between Arcegno and Golino, Polish soldiers managed to pave a road, that is named today “strada dei polacchi” (in English: Polish road).

      Polish soldiers were interned also in other parts of Switzerland and left unmistakable traces of their hard work. There are several so-called Polenweg‘s, which are roads that were built by Polish soldiers during the Second World War in Switzerland.

      https://insubricahistorica.ch/blog/2018/04/16/polish-army-in-insubrica-region-case-of-losone
      #Losone

      –-

      Gli internati polacchi nel Locarnese e Valle Maggia

      Avevamo già scritto nell’aprile 2018 su Insubrica Historica un breve contributo sugli internati polacchi nella regione Insubrica. Durante dei lavori di ricerca per un imminente pubblicazione di Insubrica Historica sul Locarnese, abbiamo ritrovato ulteriori dettagli, che valgono la pena di essere condivisi.

      La presenza degli internati polacchi in Ticino e soprattutto nel Locarnese è legata soprattutto alla caserma di Losone posta nella località Piana di Arbigo, la quale ospitò ben oltre la fine del conflitto un ingente numero di soldati polacchi, circa un migliaio. Da questa caserma vennero impiegati per diversi lavori di bonifica. La loro presenza viene ricordata nel Locarnese per la Strada dei Polacchi da Arcegno a Golino, o ancora ad Orselina per la cappella della Madonna di “Ostra Brama”.

      Vi erano però diversi altri campi di lavoro distribuiti nella regione, i quali ospitavano anche loro soldati polacchi. In particolare grazie ad un recente articolo di Fabio Cheda Gli internati polacchi a Maggia, vi sono alcuni dettagli di questi campi nella Valle Maggia.

      I campi erano distribuiti nella maniera seguente: ai Ronchini di Aurigeno (15-30 militi), a Bignasco (10-15 militi), a Cevio (40-50 militi), a Linescio (30-35 militi), presso l’edificio “Cortao di Bonitt” a Maggia (30-35 militi), al Piano di Peccia (fino a 15 militi) e a San Carlo (100-200 militi). Nella sola Valle Maggia vi era circa il 15% (n=200) del totale dei soldati polacchi internati in Svizzera (n=12’000) durante la guerra. La maggior parte di loro erano entrati in Svizzera nella regione del Giura Francese, duranta la disfatta dell’esercito francese nell’estate del 1940.

      L’ubicazione di alcuni di questi campi e località di lavoro come a Lodano, lascia dedurre che l’impiego di questi soldati non era confinato al solo settore agricolo ma soprattutto anche nel disboscamento delle superfici forestali della Valle.

      «Questi baldi giovanotti facevano girare spesso la testa alle ragazze e alle mogli locali, tenendo in considerazione che gran parte degli uomini del paese erano impegnati nel servizio militare. È appurato che i Polacchi abbiano lasciato il segno: una donna si presentò un giorno ai capi responsabili mostrando il ventre gonfio…» (Fabio Cheda, A tu per tu, Dicembre 2020)

      Sempre secondo Fabio Cheda, il rapporto dei soldati polacchi con la popolazione era esemplare. Molto positivo, soprattutto con le signorine della Valle, tanto che vennero celebrati anche dei matrimoni.

      Non tutti i soldati polacchi ebbero la pazienza di restare fino alla fine del conflitto, oppure di ritornare in Pologna. Ve ne sono alcuni che riuscirono anche a fuggire da questi campi di lavoro prima e dopo il conflitto, i quali pur essendo controllati da soldati dell’esercito Elvetico, non sottostavano a rigida disciplina, come invece si ebbe in altri campi soprattutto della Svizzera tedesca.

      https://insubricahistorica.ch/blog/2021/09/30/gli-internati-polacchi-nel-locarnese-e-valle-maggia
      #internement #internés

    • Internati polacchi in Svizzera tra guerra, lavoro e sentimento

      Un’analisi storica sulla presenza degli internati militari polacchi in Svizzera durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale vuole essere un momento prezioso per una riflessione su noi stessi e sulla nostra terra elvetica: terra di transito in cui i nostri orizzonti hanno potuto incontrarsi, per pochi anni, con un popolo straordinario, che nel dolore, nella perdita e nella sofferenza del conflitto ha saputo dare, oltre che il suo sudore del lavoro - fondamentale per il nostro Paese - durante l’internamento, un esempio unico di dignità, di comunanza e di fratellanza.
      Al di là della politica e delle vicissitudini belliche, gli uomini hanno saputo ritrovarsi, anche soltanto per un istante.

      https://www.editore.ch/shopvm/varia/internati-polacchi-in-svizzera-tra-guerra-lavoro-e-sentimento-detail.html

  • Acquitté, Mimmo Lucano rêve de propager le modèle d’accueil de son village à travers l’Europe

    Lourdement condamné en septembre 2021 pour « association de malfaiteurs aux fins d’immigration irrégulière », l’ancien maire calabrais Mimmo Lucano a été presque totalement blanchi par la justice le 12 avril. Il salue une « #victoire_morale » et se présente aux élections municipales et européennes qui se tiendront en juin.

    L’ancienL’ancien maire de Riace garde le sourire, malgré le véritable « périple judiciaire » qu’il a dû traverser ces dernières années. Domenico Lucano, que tout le monde surnomme « Mimmo », insiste : sa propre personne ne compte pas. Il regrette surtout que l’image de Riace, petite commune de Calabre où il vit, et dont il a été le maire entre 2004 et 2018, ait été entachée par les accusations dont il a fait l’objet.

    À travers son acquittement récent, et quasi total, il estime que l’accueil de l’autre est enfin reconnu « comme une solution et une renaissance », notamment pour les terres désertées par la population. « C’est avant tout une victoire morale », souligne-t-il. Ce modèle vertueux d’accueil et de solidarité, ce « Village global » qu’il a contribué à développer au fil des ans, Mimmo Lucano aimerait le voir élargi à toute l’Europe, à l’heure où celle-ci tend plutôt à se barricader.

    Pour tenter d’y parvenir, il a choisi de se présenter aux prochaines élections municipales, à Riace, qui se tiendront en même temps que les élections européennes, pour lesquelles il est également candidat sur une liste d’alliance entre les Verts et la gauche italienne. « Ce qu’on voudrait, c’est une nouvelle Europe qui deviendrait le salut du monde. Pas celle des barbelés, dont les politiques ont provoqué la mort de dizaines de milliers de personnes », dit-il. Entretien.

    Mediapart : Vous sortez d’un sacré feuilleton judiciaire…

    Domenico Lucano : Oui. Un périple judiciaire. C’est mon histoire, mais c’est surtout celle d’une petite communauté, celle de Riace. Un petit bout de la périphérie européenne, avec sa mer Méditerranée, une sorte d’autoroute des pays arabes vers l’Europe. Mais c’est aussi la mer de la tragédie du monde. La Méditerranée a malheureusement changé de couleur, passant du bleu, du vert, au rouge, la couleur du sang. Le sang de beaucoup d’hommes et de femmes qui ne sont pas arrivés au bout de leur chemin. La mer est devenue un piège à leur tentative de bonheur. Elle a pris la couleur de la mort. Au cœur de l’histoire de Riace, il y a surtout un combat, devenu très médiatique, pour l’accueil de l’autre et pour un idéal politique différent.

    Beaucoup de réfugiés afghans fuyant les talibans sont arrivés en Calabre. Je pense aussi à cette tragique nuit d’hiver, le 26 février 2023, durant laquelle les secours ne sont pas venus. Le ministère de l’intérieur a organisé l’arrivée de la douane plutôt que celle des gardes-côtes, qui avaient pourtant les moyens de les sauver. Quatre-vingt-quatorze personnes ont perdu la vie, après avoir passé cinq jours en mer, dont beaucoup d’enfants. En 2022, l’actuel ministre de l’intérieur a utilisé ces mots terribles s’agissant des migrants : il s’agit de « charges résiduelles ». Le gouvernement italien fêtait l’anniversaire de Salvini pendant que les familles pleuraient leurs morts. C’est sans doute le moment le plus déplorable. Il ne sert à rien d’être parmi les grandes puissances mondiales ou de surveiller sa croissance économique quand on est capables d’un tel cynisme face à la vie humaine. La droite a montré son vrai visage.

    La droite et l’extrême droite ?

    Je crois qu’il n’y a pas de différence en Italie. « Extrême » est un adjectif, mais la droite est le lieu commun de la déshumanisation. On a vu différentes tentatives du ministère de l’intérieur pour empêcher les migrants de débarquer en Italie. Le paradoxe, c’est de constater qu’un gouvernement indigne, qui s’illustre par son inhumanité, grimpe dans les sondages. Faire face à ce gouvernement en Italie, en usant d’une parole libre, ne provoque en retour que des coups de matraque. C’est du jamais-vu. Il y a une dérive de la droite en Italie.

    Ce contexte politique vous a aussi valu une lourde condamnation en 2021 – 13 ans de prison et 500 000 euros d’amende, pour « association de malfaiteurs aux fins d’immigration irrégulière ». Comment l’avez-vous vécue ?

    Le 4 octobre 2018, à l’aube, j’ai vu des voitures arriver chez moi pour m’arrêter. Cela a marqué le début d’une histoire hallucinante, qui a duré presque sept ans. Quand j’ai été condamné en première instance le 30 septembre 2021, le sentiment qu’il s’agissait d’un procès politique s’est vite propagé en Italie. On m’a contraint à m’éloigner de Riace durant onze mois, alors que j’avais donné ma vie pour cette terre. Il y a eu une manifestation d’ampleur à Rome, un ex-sénateur a lancé une collecte de fonds destinée à régler l’amende dont je faisais l’objet.

    La collecte a rencontré un succès fou. Mais je lui ai dit que je n’en voulais pas. Je voulais simplement continuer d’accueillir les réfugiés à Riace, et on a construit le « Village global », avec une crèche pour 12 enfants immigrés et plein d’activités. On a tout fait pour continuer de faire exister ce monde-là. J’ai donc vécu cette condamnation avec sérénité, parce que j’ai pu profiter de la solidarité de la population italienne et du reste du monde, qui se raccrochait à la seule perspective de la fraternité.

    Je suis conscient que le fait qu’un petit village de Calabre puisse devenir un exemple pour l’accueil des personnes exilées a beaucoup gêné. Le modèle « Riace » a fait peur au système néolibéral. Mais l’ennemi n’est pas l’étranger ou celui qui lui vient en aide : ce n’est autre que cette nouvelle vague de fascisme qu’il y a en Europe et dans le monde, qui ne cherche qu’à fermer les frontières et à créer des forteresses. Je regrette d’avoir vu après tant d’années de propagande une forme d’égoïsme s’installer dans l’esprit des gens, tel un consensus politique.

    Comment vous sentez-vous aujourd’hui, après cette réhabilitation par la justice ?

    Je vais bien. Deux de mes enfants sont à Rome, le troisième habite avec mon épouse, et je suis seul à Riace. La plupart de mes proches ont vécu l’acquittement comme une libération. Au niveau local, il y a eu une solidarité immédiate, y compris de la part de personnes qui ne partageaient pas ma vision politique. Mais le plus merveilleux dans cette fin de feuilleton, ce n’est pas l’acquittement en soi, ce sont les motivations des juges. Ces derniers ont attendu 90 jours pour les rendre publiques et signifier au reste de monde qu’on ne touchera pas au message politique pour lequel je me suis battu.

    Ils ont rétabli la vérité et confirmé que je n’avais pas pensé à profiter une seconde du système d’accueil que j’avais mis en place à Riace, ni que j’avais pu m’enrichir par ce biais. Ce n’est donc pas un acquittement technique ou juridique. C’est un acquittement moral. Et pour la première fois dans l’histoire des migrations, l’immigration en Italie peut enfin être regardée sous une lumière totalement opposée à celle proposée par certains politiciens. L’accueil de l’autre est enfin reconnu comme une solution et une renaissance. C’est avant tout une victoire morale, et cela vaut plus que tout.

    Vous avez fait le choix de revenir en politique, en vous présentant aux municipales à Riace mais aussi aux européennes, sur la liste des Verts et de l’Alliance de gauche (Alleanza Verdi e Sinistra) – élections qui se tiendront toutes deux les 8 et 9 juin prochains. Est-ce que votre acquittement a joué dans votre décision ?

    Non, car je n’ai jamais perdu ce désir d’engagement politique. La politique, pour moi, se résume à l’espoir, et je n’ai jamais été fatigué à l’idée de continuer d’espérer. Dès le départ, le Village global a été conçu comme un laboratoire politique au niveau local. Cela a d’ailleurs été l’opportunité de multiples réunions, prises de décision collectives et autres activités communes. C’est dans cette démarche que nous avons donc voulu réunir la gauche au-delà du Parti démocrate (Partito Democratico), dont Elly Schlein est la secrétaire.

    Ça n’a pas été facile. Les responsables du parti n’en ont pas tenu compte, alors on a trouvé une coalition a gauche du Parti démocrate. Les Verts et l’Alliance de gauche italienne m’ont demandé si je voulais participer aux européennes. Et avec tous les camarades de Riace, on a dit oui. C’était une envie partagée, parce que les positions qu’ils défendent contre la guerre, en faveur de l’accueil des exilés ou encore pour une loi pour le salaire minimum en Italie correspondaient à mes choix politiques. Un jour, j’aimerais qu’il y ait un panneau « Village de l’accueil » un peu partout dans les communes d’Europe !

    Mais force est de constater que l’on observe plutôt une politique de rejet en Europe…

    À Riace, on a réussi à l’échelle d’une toute petite réalité. Un village de quatre cents habitants est désormais connu pour sa politique d’accueil. À l’échelle européenne, nous ne serons peut-être plus là pour observer ce changement de paradigme. Mais je suis persuadé que d’une petite chose peut naître une grande chose. Je suis heureux que figure sur notre liste la candidate Ilaria Salis, arrêtée par Viktor Orbán en Hongrie pour son engagement contre le fascisme. Nous avons une histoire similaire, elle se bat pour le respect des droits humains. Lorsque j’ai vu les images d’elle à la télévision, la montrant menottée, j’ai été fier de la savoir à mes côtés dans cette aventure au niveau européen.

    Le pacte migratoire européen a été adopté dans la douleur il y a peu. Êtes-vous inquiet de voir cette politique de repli concrétisée à l’échelle européenne à travers ces textes ?

    Ce pacte est absurde. Je n’en partage pas les objectifs, évidemment. On voit partout des tentatives d’affaiblir le droit d’asile, y compris en Italie, ou de créer des sortes de voies de déportation vers des pays tiers comme l’Albanie, où le respect des droits humains n’est pas garanti. C’est triste quand on voit ce qu’on a été capables de faire à notre petite échelle. Je pense que la droite souffre d’un syndrome de la peur de l’être humain. C’est ce qu’on observe en Italie mais aussi en Europe. Ce qu’on voudrait, c’est une nouvelle Europe qui deviendrait le salut du monde. Pas celle des barbelés, dont les politiques ont provoqué la mort de dizaines de milliers de personnes.

    Pourquoi vous présenter à deux élections, à deux échelles différentes ?

    C’est une question redoutable (rires). Je ne veux pas devenir un bureaucrate. Je mettrai la même conviction à l’échelle européenne et je ne ferai de concession à personne : les profits de la politique ne m’intéressent pas. Et j’ajouterai que paradoxalement, je suis d’accord avec la manière dont Matteo Salvini m’a défini un jour, lorsqu’une personne lui a demandé ce qu’il pensait de moi. Il a répondu : « Il vaut zéro. » Ça me convient assez bien, je considère que je ne suis personne. Ce qui est sûr, c’est que j’ai à cœur de poursuivre mon engagement au niveau local et européen. En Italie, la loi permet d’être à la fois maire et député européen.

    Alors, bien sûr, les possibilités sont multiples : je peux être élu maire de Riace, être élu député européen ou les deux, ou pas élu du tout. Je continuerai dans tous les cas à développer le modèle Riace, et j’aimerais élargir ce modèle d’accueil à d’autres communes en Italie, et à d’autres États en Europe, un modèle en faveur de l’accueil qui permet aussi de contrer le déclin démographique. Et pour aller plus loin, j’aimerais également créer une collectivité de communes qui partagerait une monnaie unique, pour nous permettre de sortir de ce néolibéralisme, qui détruit notre économie et notre démocratie, tout en valorisant le travail fourni au sein de la communauté.

    https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/040524/acquitte-mimmo-lucano-reve-de-propager-le-modele-d-accueil-de-son-village-

    #Riace #Mimmo_Lucano #Domenico_Lucano #accueil #réfugiés #migrations #Italie #Calabre #justice #acquittement #entretien #interview #solidarité #criminalisation_de_la_solidarité #villes-refuge #périple_judiciaire #condamnation #réhabilitation #libération #acquittement_moral #engagement_politique

    –—

    Ce fil de discussion est la suite de celui-ci :
    11 octobre 2023, verdict en cour d’appel pour le #procès contre #Mimmo_Lucano, ancien maire de #Riace
    https://seenthis.net/messages/1020950

    signalé par @olaf ici :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/1052451

    ping @_kg_

  • Turning walls into bridges — the transformative power of ‘unruly’ migration

    When we allow ourselves to consider struggles over the Mediterranean border as resistance, a clearer picture of border abolition emerges.

    In 2015, when visiting a school occupied by refugee protestors in Berlin, activist and philosopher Angela Davis remarked: “The refugee movement is the movement of the 21st century.” In 2022, Davis returned to the city and spoke at a square that protestors had occupied a decade earlier. Standing before a jubilant crowd, Davis pointed back to the comment she had made seven years earlier, noting: “I was attempting to argue then, as I try to do today, that the refugee movement encapsulates our planet’s struggle for a better future.”

    Davis’ remarks are and remain important. While certainly overstating the unified character of the refugee movement, she offered a provocation, inviting us to reflect on the political significance and transformative power of contemporary struggles over human movement. In public discourse, such significance and power are commonly downplayed or ignored, if not erased.

    People on the move, for lack of a better term, are often considered victims of circumstance, who, abused and exploited, dwell in the margins of society. Portrayed as desperate and passive, their struggles to move — and often to stay — are rendered unpolitical. Such victimization is key in denuding them of political agency and meaning. As the political theorist Sandro Mezzadra once wrote: “The world of victims exists outside of politics.”

    “At stake in every politics of border control is an attempt to control the borders of the political.” With this witty phrase, political theorists Angela Mitropoulos and Brett Neilson ask us to pay attention to the borders of the political and the ways in which political subjects are made and unmade. The placing of “migrantized” subjects outside the realm of the political is a bordering practice. The space of recognition seems occupied by other actors — political parties, unions, social movements.

    To counteract that, Mitropoulos and Neilson propose to complicate common distinctions made between migrant movements and social movements. Instead of considering migrant movements simply “in a kinetic sense” — or as passages from one place to another — and instead of understanding social movements merely in a political and representational sense, they ask us to situate both somewhere in-between “’movement as politics’ and ‘movement as motion.’”

    In the book I wrote a few years back on contemporary struggles around migration, I tried to do that. By placing the notions of “migration” and “resistance” in close proximity to one another, I was not meaning to suggest that all and any migratory acts should be considered acts of political resistance — that would be naïve and misguided. Rather, the intention was to open up a perspective, a way of seeing.

    If we allowed ourselves to consider “unauthorized” forms of human movement as political — and even as some of the most important transformative practices of our time — what do we learn about the planetary regulation of human life and movement? What can we find out about forms of global injustice and the role of borders in maintaining and reinforcing these? What do we learn about political resistance itself?

    As this all may sound a bit abstract, it could be helpful to look at a particular example: In the European context, the Mediterranean border has become one of the central spaces where struggles over unauthorized migration play out. For decades, the European Union and its member states have experimented with ways to militarize this border to prevent boat arrivals.

    European politicians have justified deterrence measures not only by portraying people who seek to cross as all kinds of security threats, but also by considering them victims of unscrupulous smuggling gangs. In doing so, they have promoted the illusion that border “protection” could go hand-in-hand with the protection of people on the move – à la: “If you poor souls don’t move in the first place, and stay away from Europe, you don’t get exploited by smugglers and drown in the sea.”

    Now, what happens if we push back against this dominant narrative and consider cross-Mediterranean movements in the register of political resistance?

    For one, we see that people who board overcrowded boats are more than what Europe’s paternalistic stories turn them into. As political subjects, they engage in transgressive acts of escape that require courage, organization, knowledge, skill and solidarity among groups on the move. Through disobedient movements, they become harraga, an Arabic term describing those who “burn borders” and navigate themselves into European territory. As Amade M’charek writes:

    “Harraga [is] an activity that burns state-rules: rules that stipulate that this border can only be crossed in this way and not in another; or that papers are only legal in this way and not in another. … what people engaged in harraga do is mess up boundaries.”

    When we allow ourselves to consider struggles over the Mediterranean border in the register of resistance, we can also see how novel practices of solidarity have emerged. Needing to adapt to freedom of movement struggles in dangerous border zones, civil society and activist groups had to invent ways to become present in spaces often deemed not merely outside of sovereign space but even outside the realm of politics as such.

    Actors like Alarm Phone (which assists people on boats in distress through an activist hotline), the civil fleet (which carries out rescue operations), or civil airplanes (which monitor the sea from above) have entered the contested space of the Mediterranean. The solidarities that have formed en route have proven important not merely for transgressive maritime movements but also for documenting horrendous forms of border violence that had previously gone unseen.

    Over the past decade, the Mediterranean border has been opened up for interrogation through struggles over movement. We now have a much better understanding of the violent regulation of migration, and what Martina Tazzioli and Nicholas De Genova have called a “confinement continuum” that people on the move are confronted with: “being targeted, exploited, kidnapped, blackmailed, abused, raped, tortured and sometimes killed.”

    The harrowing border violence that has led to tens of thousands of deaths at sea is a response to disobedient movements. The Mediterranean has not only become a deathscape — due to the adverse biophysical forces at work there (the rough sea, the strong winds) — but a space of suffering due to transnational and transcontinental coalitions of border enforcers that “protect” borders, not people.

    When we take a step back and consider Mediterranean migration as resistance, we can see even more. While we see how borders violently try to keep particularly racialized populations in particular places, we also get a sense of the transformative power of “unruly” migration. Over the past decade, and despite border militarization, more than 2.5 million people have subverted the Mediterranean obstacle. We can consider these transgressive movements as what I called them elsewhere: forms of “practical border abolitionism.”

    People who have moved have claimed a presence in Europe, and this presence will not be eradicated. Nonetheless, in times when calls for border closure, the end to asylum, and mass deportations become increasingly mainstream — and go hand-in-hand with a normalization of violence targeting people on the move — there is a desperate need for broad coalitions of resistance. In order to collectively resist ethno-nationalist fantasies and the incredibly violent, racialized and divisive work that borders do all around our world, we need to breach the sovereign and national scripts that delimit who count as political subjects and who do not.

    “Walls turned sideways are bridges,” Angela Davis once wrote. When we consider unauthorized migration in the register of resistance, we suddenly see the ones who keep turning walls into bridges: people on the move themselves.

    https://wagingnonviolence.org/rs/2024/05/turning-walls-into-bridges-the-transformative-power-of-unruly-mig
    #liberté_de_mouvement #ouverture_des_frontières #murs #ponts #Maurice_Stierl #résistance #mouvement #migrations

    ping @karine4 @_kg_ @isskein

  • Mai 2024
    ~22 people stranded on an islet in the #Evros river, by #Kastanies !

    The group say there are children and people who need urgent medical care. They report some of them have been pushed back to #Türkiye before and fear it happening again. @Hellenicpolice: assist them now!


    https://twitter.com/alarm_phone/status/1786506051719725182

    #limbe #zone_frontalière #île #Evros #asile #migrations #réfugiés #frontières #fleuve_Evros #Turquie #Grèce #Thrace #îlots
    #nudité

    –-

    ajouté à la métaliste sur #métaliste sur des #réfugiés abandonnés sur des #îlots dans la région de l’#Evros, #frontière_terrestre entre la #Grèce et la #Turquie :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/953343

  • Avec le #Liban, l’UE compte de nouveau sur un #pays_tiers pour contrôler les migrations

    Un nouvel #accord a été conclu entre l’Union européenne et le Liban cette semaine, à hauteur d’un milliard d’euros. Ce dernier vise, sous couvert d’aider à maintenir la sécurité et la stabilité du pays, à freiner les départs d’exilés syriens en direction de l’Europe.

    La tournée continue. L’Union européenne vient de signer un nouveau « deal », cette fois avec le Liban, pour qu’un pays tiers gère le contrôle de ses frontières. Après l’Égypte et la Tunisie, c’est désormais à un Liban en crise de tenter de maîtriser les départs des exilés présents sur son sol, qui pourraient aspirer à rejoindre l’Europe pour une vie meilleure.

    Cette aide d’un milliard d’euros, annoncée à l’occasion d’une visite de la présidente de la commission européenne Ursula von der Leyen et du président chypriote Níkos Christodoulídis à Beyrouth le 2 mai, devrait s’étaler jusqu’en 2027 et « permettra de soutenir la population au Liban et de contribuer à sa sécurité et sa stabilité », a argué Ursula von der Leyen.

    Entre les lignes, le spectre migratoire n’est jamais bien loin : cette enveloppe doit certes permettre de soutenir « les plus vulnérables », à l’heure où le Liban traverse une crise socio-économique majeure, mais aussi et surtout « les réfugiés, les personnes déplacées à l’intérieur du pays et les communautés d’accueil », tout en renforçant le soutien aux forces armées libanaises « dans la lutte contre la #traite et le #trafic_d’êtres_humains ».

    Autrement dit les #passeurs, qui permettent aux Syriennes et Syriens de faire la traversée vers l’île de Chypre, où le nombre d’arrivées par la mer a bondi ces dernières années ; et où, tout récemment, le gouvernement a annoncé vouloir suspendre les demandes d’asile pour les Syrien·nes sur l’île, en violation du droit international et en particulier de la Convention de Genève relative aux réfugiés.

    C’était d’ailleurs l’objet d’une première rencontre entre le président chypriote et le premier ministre libanais, Najib Mikati, organisée le 8 avril dernier à Beyrouth. Le premier ministre libanais avait alors assuré que « l’armée et les forces de sécurité libanaises faisaient de leur mieux pour mettre fin à l’immigration illégale ».

    L’entrevue avait abouti sur l’idée d’une coopération entre les deux pays, avec une « aide substantielle de la commission européenne », comme l’avait souligné le porte-parole du gouvernement chypriote à l’issue de la rencontre.

    Des contours flous

    Plus surprenant, le Conseil européen a également « réaffirmé la nécessité de créer les conditions d’un #retour_sûr, volontaire et digne des réfugiés syriens, telles que définies par le Haut-Commissariat aux réfugiés », peut-on lire dans un communiqué de la commission européenne en date du 2 mai.

    La #Syrie n’est pourtant pas considérée comme un #pays_sûr, comme le font remarquer différents observateurs : en septembre 2021, l’ONG Amnesty International avait même pointé dans un rapport les nombreuses violences – torture, viols, détention arbitraire – dont les réfugiés de retour en Syrie peuvent faire l’objet.

    Dans tous les cas, soulève Wadih Al-Asmar, président du réseau EuroMed Droits, « 250 millions d’euros sont prévus pour l’#armée_libanaise, qui participe à renvoyer des Syriens chez eux malgré les dangers qu’ils encourent en Syrie ». L’argent européen va donc « permettre des violations des droits de l’homme », regrette-t-il, expliquant que plusieurs cas ont déjà été documentés par ses équipes dernièrement.

    L’homme s’interroge par ailleurs sur cette enveloppe financière tombée de nulle part : fait-elle partie des fonds alloués par l’UE au Liban de façon régulière depuis 2011 ? S’agit-il d’une somme allouée de façon exceptionnelle ?

    Il souligne les « contours très flous » de cet accord, conclu avec le premier ministre libanais alors que celui-ci n’a pas l’habilitation de signer des accords internationaux, pour lequel aucun texte n’a encore visiblement été rédigé. « Aucun texte n’a été présenté au parlement libanais ou au parlement européen. C’est avant tout un grand effet d’annonce », estime celui qui est aussi président du centre libanais des droits humains à Beyrouth.

    Un coup de com’ « très problématique sur le plan des #droits_humains » : il pourrait provoquer une « pression supplémentaire sur les réfugiés syriens » présents au Liban, et participe au narratif faisant des Syriens les responsables de tous les maux que peut connaître le pays. « Il y a pourtant une classe politique corrompue qui a volé l’argent des Libanais, mais au lieu de poursuivre en justice les responsables de tout ça, on met tout sur le dos des réfugiés syriens », déplore Wadih Al-Asmar.

    Dans l’esprit du pacte migratoire européen

    L’effet d’annonce derrière ce nouvel accord vise aussi à conforter Chypre dans ses prises de position plus ou moins explicites contre les réfugiés syriens qui tentent de rejoindre l’île par la mer.

    Depuis quelques mois, Chypre « viole le droit européen » en refusant le débarquement de ces réfugiés. « Ursula von der Leyen donne donc une couverture politique au président chypriote en concluant cet accord », estime Wadih Al-Asmar.

    L’eurodéputé Damien Carême abonde : « On a l’impression que c’est pour calmer Chypre, qui ne veut plus accueillir de réfugiés syriens et va jusqu’à les refouler. On note d’ailleurs le mutisme de la Commission européenne sur ces agissements. »

    Ce nouvel accord s’inscrit, relève l’eurodéputé, dans la droite ligne du pacte migratoire européen, adopté le 10 avril dernier par le Parlement européen. « Il s’agit d’externaliser la gestion des frontières et de renvoyer le plus de personnes possible », explicite l’écologiste, qui a très vite marqué son désaccord avec ce pacte.

    Après la Mauritanie, la Tunisie, l’Égypte ou encore la Libye, « l’UE s’enferme dans des solutions qui ont déjà montré toute leur inefficacité ». Signer des accords avec des pays tiers dits « sûrs » est désormais devenu une « obsession », tacle l’eurodéputé, qui prend soin de relativiser la notion de pays « sûr ».

    « On ne sait pas bien ce qu’il y a derrière cette notion, puisque la Tunisie est par exemple considérée comme un pays sûr, et la Libye aussi, malgré tout ce qu’il s’y passe. » Impossible de ne pas relever les incohérences s’agissant du cas précis de la Syrie, où la commission européenne encourage le retour volontaire des réfugiés syriens, tout en considérant que le pays n’est pas « sûr ». « C’est dramatique et très inquiétant », alerte celui qui pointe là un « cynisme maximal ».

    Massivement présents sur le territoire libanais (un million et demi de réfugiés, soit près de 30 % de la population), mais victimes de discours populistes allant jusqu’à la théorie raciste du « grand remplacement », rejetés par Chypre et soumise à des marchandages financiers orchestrés par l’UE, prête à débourser un milliard d’euros pour ne pas les voir débarquer sur son sol… voilà le « marché de dupes » auxquels sont soumis les réfugiés syriens, dénonce Wadih Al-Asmar, qui résume la visite d’Ursula von der Leyen à un « échec ».

    Cette dernière veut « transformer le Liban en poste frontière avancé de l’UE », comme d’autres pays par le passé. Mais selon lui, le nombre de traversées par la mer vers Chypre ne baissera pas, et le business des passeurs, que l’accord UE-Liban est censé mettre à mal, continuera de fleurir de son côté, avec l’assentiment de la population libanaise, « contente de voir qu’ils font partir les réfugiés syriens ».

    Au final, conclut-il, « l’UE ne fait pas baisser la pression sur les réfugiés syriens, n’apporte pas de garanties réelles pour améliorer leur condition au Liban, et offre une image dégradée de l’Europe qui ne cherche qu’à contenir les migrations dans un pays tiers ».

    https://www.mediapart.fr/journal/international/030524/avec-le-liban-l-ue-compte-de-nouveau-sur-un-pays-tiers-pour-controler-les-

    #externalisation #migrations #réfugiés #frontières #contrôles_frontaliers #aide_financières #réfugiés_syriens #renvois #expulsions #retour_volontaire #retour_digne #pays-tiers_sûrs

    ping @_kg_

    • EU unveils €1-billion aid package for Lebanon in bid to curb refugee flows

      The European Union will provide €1 billion in financial aid to Lebanon over three years to prop up the country’s economy and help prevent a surge in refugees leaving for Europe.

      European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen announced the move on Thursday morning following a meeting with Lebanese caretaker Prime Minister Najib Mikati and Cypriot President Nikos Christodoulides in Lebanon’s capital, Beirut.

      The financial envelope, made up entirely of grants and to be dispersed by 2027, will help Lebanon strengthen basic services such as education, social protection and health, and spur economic reforms in the crisis-stricken country, von der Leyen said.

      But some three quarters of the cash - a total of €736 million - will be specifically dedicated to helping Lebanon grapple with the challenges it faces in welcoming Syrian refugees.

      “We understand the challenges that Lebanon faces with hosting Syrian refugees and other displaced persons. It is vital to ensure the well-being of host communities and Syrian refugees,” von der Leyen said.

      The Commission chief also vowed to “look at how to make the EU’s assistance more effective,” including facilitating a “more structured approach to voluntary returns” of displaced Syrians in cooperation with the UN refugee agency (UNHCR).

      It comes after EU leaders backed deeper engagement with Beirut last month to help safeguard it from the repercussions of the conflict in the Middle East, and after Cyprus raised the alarm over a sharp peak in the number of Syrian refugees arriving from Lebanon.

      It also follows a string of agreements signed over the last year between Brussels and African countries in a bid to stem migration into Europe.

      A deepening economic crisis and fragile government make Lebanon particularly vulnerable to the instability gripping the region in the wake of the Israel-Hamas war.

      The country is home to some 210,000 Palestinian and 1.5 million Syrian refugees, prompting fears regional instability could unleash a wave of migrants towards Europe via the island of Cyprus.
      Cash to stem refugee flows

      In early April, Cyprus announced it would temporarily halt the processing of asylum applications due to a surge in arrivals of Syrian refugees transiting through Lebanon and attempting to reach the island, which lies just 260 km off the Lebanese coast in the Mediterranean Sea.

      Over 1,000 people arrived in Cyprus by boats from Lebanon during the first two weeks of April, leaving refugee and reception centres on the island overloaded.

      “The problems seen on the Cypriot border is only one example of what could happen if this problem is not addressed,” Lebanese caretaker Prime Minister Najib Mikati acknowledged on Thursday, thanking Cyprus’ President Christodoulides for brokering the agreement.

      Hailing the announcement as “historic”, Christodoulides said that the financial envelope would address a situation that is “not sustainable” for either Lebanon, Cyprus or the European Union.

      “While we commend the Lebanese government for hosting a large number of Syrian refugees for more than 12 years, we are also fully cognisant of the enormous pressure that this creates to your economy and to your society,” Christodoulides said.

      He backed von der Leyen’s proposal of intensifying work with partners such as UNHCR on voluntary returns, where refugees who want to return to their home countries - even if the UN agency considers it unsafe for them - are supported to do so.

      Christodoulides also went further by calling for the status of some regions of Syria to be “re-examined” as safe areas to facilitate the return of migrants and refugees, a proposal he tabled at last month’s summit meeting of EU leaders.

      Syria, which has been under the authoritarian regime of Bashar al-Assad for more than two decades, has been designated an unsafe country since the civil war erupted in 2011. But refugee host countries such as Turkey and Lebanon have been pushing for the mass return of Syrian refugees to the country.

      A European Commission spokesperson confirmed that the EU has followed the lead of the UNHCR in their approach to safe zones in Syria, and that Brussels is “embarking now on discussions to see how to approach this issue in the upcoming period.”

      Von der Leyen also floated a working arrangement between Lebanon and the EU’s border agency, Frontex, “particularly on information exchange and situational awareness.” The agency currently has such arrangements in place with 19 partner countries.
      Security of Lebanon ’at stake’

      Both Christodoulides and von der Leyen also acknowledged the threat posed by the war between Israel and Hamas to Lebanon’s security.

      The Iranian-backed militant group Hezbollah is present in the country and has continuously exchanged fire across Lebanon’s southern border with Israel since the outbreak of the war last October.

      Hezbollah also took part in Tehran’s unprecedented aerial attack on Israel last month.

      “We are deeply concerned about the volatile situation in South Lebanon. What is at stake is the security of both Lebanon and Israel. The two cannot be disassociated,” von der Leyen said.

      Von der Leyen asked for a UN resolution calling on Israel to withdraw its troops from the Blue Line, the border demarcation between Lebanon and Israel, to be respected.

      https://www.euronews.com/my-europe/2024/05/02/eu-unveils-1-billion-aid-package-for-lebanon-in-bid-to-curb-refugee-flows

    • #Abou_Nader: Lebanese people reject European aid as a bribe to contain refugees

      #Fouad_Abou_Nader announced that Lebanese people have significant doubts regarding the EU’s financial package for Lebanon, estimated at a value of one billion euros over four years.

      He said: “If it is a veiled bribe intended to task the government with containing Syrian refugees and keeping them in Lebanon, then this assistance is to be returned to the givers with thanks.”

      He added: “The assistance that Lebanon was expecting from Europe is the regular repatriation of refugees to their country by giving them direct incentives in Syria. They can start by repatriating about 200,000 refugees who freely move between Lebanon and their country and have participated in the recent elections, which means there are no problems between them and the regime.”

      He asked: “Lebanese people were promised the transfer of Syrian prisoners to their country to complete their sentences there, so where is this promise now?”

      https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/770041/abou-nader-lebanese-people-reject-european-aid-as-a-bribe-to-contain-r/en

      #refus

  • Milan la ville forgée par le #socialwashing - #greenwashing au profit des riches

    Le livre super efficace de Lucia Tozzi raconte la dernière grande #transformation de Milan au bénéfice des profits de la #spéculation financière-immobilière à travers un bombardement de communication du sociawashing mixé avec le greenwashing, donc la #gentification aux dépenses des moins fortunés contraints à migrer ailleurs ou expulsés. Un cas exemplaire de contrerévolution néolibérale pervasive.

    Ceux qui visitent Milan aujourd’hui ne pourront jamais imaginer que jusqu’au début des année 1970 cette ville était la capitale du mouvement ouvrier, avec des grèves et manifs de cent-cinquante mille travailleurs, étudiants et habitants, la plus importante ville industrielle, commerciale et des groupes financiers d’Italie. Depuis la ville n’a pas arrêté de perdre des centaines de milliers d’habitants (aujourd’hui 1.371.850 résidents dont environ 40% qui y sont nés). Et le turnover de ses résidants augmente de plus en plus : de 1971 à 2022 on a eu presque deux millions de nouveaux inscrits à l’état civil et deux millions d’effacés (émigré ailleurs). De 2001 à la fin de 2021 on a eu 40.520 décès plus des naissances. Un turnover que selon Lucia Tozzi arrange bien le « modèle » de ville que les administrateurs et les acteurs dominants poursuivent : une ville de gens qui n’ont pas de racines, qui n’ont pas de mémoire du territoire, qui sont prêtes à être phagocytés par les discours dominant merci au bombardement de la communication pervasive.

    Jusqu’au début des année 2000 Milan était une ville plutôt triste et en déclin. Comme raconte Lucia Tozzi c’est avec l’Expo de 2005 que tout est bouleversé par la stratégie des grands groupes financiers-immobiliers qui misent sur une communication hyper pervasive et efficace mélangeant le discours de la pseudo-conversion verte (le greenwashing à la mode un peu partout dans le monde) et le discours pseudo-social (socialwashing) qui fait croire dans des projets qui en réalité ne font que donner aux privés de plus en plus du patrimoine public ; c’est notamment le cas de ce qu’on appelle le social housing, c.à.d. la privatisation déguisé des logements HLM et ILM ou leur insertion dans le marché des locations et ventes aux prix … de marché qui maintenant à Milan est en voie de s’approcher de celui de Paris.

    La littérature mainstream des intellos et académiciens bien aimés par les acteurs dominants (par exemple Patrick Le Galès) ne rend pas compte de ce processus et au contraire exalte les changements e cours comme une fabuleuse « renaissance » bien gouvernée. Ainsi, Lucia Tozzi n’arrête pas de décrypter cette littérature qui concerne aussi les experts des plusieurs Fondations derrière lesquelles on trouve les groupes financiers-immobilières transnationaux. De fait Milan devient la capitale ou province du capitalisme néo-libéral globalisée. Une ville à la merci de la spéculation du Real Estate, des économies souterraines, la ville la plus polluée d’Europe (comme le montrent les images satellitaires européennes ainsi que l’état des cours d’eaux, des terrains et de l’agriculture des environs, l’énorme quantité d’élevages industriels et aussi les données sur la mortalité). Une réalité effrontément coupée en deux notamment entre la très longue queue de pauvres qui quotidiennement attendent d’avoir un petit sachet d’aliments devant la porte du Pane quotidiano, les familles des périphéries (qui maintenant la langue socialwashing appelle quartier en voie de requalification), la ville des riders et des dizaines de milliers de navetteurs, des étudiants non-résidents qui n’arrivent pas à avoir un lits vue les prix hallucinants, et, de l’autre coté la ville des dizaines de nouveaux tours des grandes firmes et groupes financiers avec autour leurs squares aux bistros et boutiques de luxe. Les acteurs dominants de la ville avec le plein soutien de l’administration (de “gauche”) n’arrêtent pas de construire des logements hyper chers (pas moins de mille euros à chambre et récemment en très forte augmentation).

    Selon le site UE l’Italie est première en UE pour la TVA non collectée (évadée) et la province de Milan (ainsi que toute la Lombardie) est la région avec le plus haut montant d’évasion fiscale et des contributions sociales. 25% des contribuables ont un revenu annuel inférieur à 10 mille euros, 11% ceux avec un revenu entre 10 mille et 15 mille et 26% ceux entre 15 mille et 26 mille ; donc 62% des contribuables n’atteignent pas un revenus annuel de plus de 26 mille euros, alors que 7% dépassent 75 mille euros. Bref, le revenu annuel du quinzième plus riche de la population atteigne 105 mille euros et plus, tandis que le quart le plus pauvre ne dispose que de 4.521 euros.

    Cette situation est en rapide évolution dans le sens quel les moins fortunés sont contraints à émigrer vers les banlieues les plus pauvres. Par ailleurs les contribuables avec les plus hauts revenus sont souvent les fraudeurs du fisc, toujours bien épaulés par des experts dans ce domaine ainsi que dans celui des paradis fiscaux. Remarquons qu’en Italie presque toujours les forces de police et une partie de la magistrature sont complices des illégalismes des acteurs dominants ; cela depuis Berlusconi et l’ex-gauche qui a gouverné en alternance aux droites. Et maintenant, ce n’est pas un hasard que l’actuel gouvernement fasciste ne fait qu’adopter des décrets et lois en faveur de l’évasion fiscale et des contributions sociales, bref des économies souterraines et donc des illégalismes des dominants. Par ailleurs on constate un très fort turnover de la plupart des activités économiques, (surtout bistros, boutiques d’alimentation ou de pacotilles etc., petits restos etc.).

    Mais comme raconte Lucia Tozzi les critiques et contestations de la dérive néolibérale de la ville sont très limitées, marginalisées, obscurées tout d’abord parce que la grande majorité des habitants est prisonnière d’une double piège : celle de la communication très phagocytante/pervasive et celle des réseaux. Il y a un chape de propagande et censure diffusées merci au chantage : “On est toujours sur le bord de l’abime, mais la seule voie du salut est communiquer tous ensemble qu’ici tout va bien ! Que Milan est une exception, un modèle positif, vertueux ! Lors de l’explosion de la pandémie qui a frappé Milan plus que toutes les autres villes italiennes, le maire (de “gauche”) avait lancé le slogan : #milanononsiferma (Milan ne s’arrête pas !) et encore après les fortes critiques reçues il a déclaré : “En ville le retour à la normalité sera dans une paire de mois”. Bref l’idée est que si on collabore tous ensemble on va convaincre le monde que c’est vrai et on va gagner. Quant aux réseaux c’est l’effet de la prolifération énorme des projets et des appels d’offre pour toutes sortes de projets et n’importe quoi. Cela contraigne à se mettre en réseau et à se plier aux règles et cages de ces appels qui inévitablement conduisent à faire et dire ce qui veulent les donneurs des financements.

    La narration dominante dit : « le public n’a pas d’argent et il est nul, le privé fait mieux et rapidement ». La marche dévastatrice de la privatisation a commencé dans le secteur de la santé par œuvre de la région aux mains de la droite la plus ignoble (Comunione e Liberazione, la holding-secte de cathos de droite dont l’alors président de la région était un fidèle adepte -il fut ensuit condamné pour corruption … mais pas pour tous les délits commis pendant presque quinze ans de pouvoir). Depuis la privatisation a grimpé sans arrêt jusqu’au point que progressivement la Mairie a confié aux privés presque tout le patrimoine immobilier (piscines, parcs, squares, places publiques, jardins, écoles, bibliothèques, logements etc. etc.). La justification passée comme indiscutable a été que tout ce patrimoine était délabré, dans un état qui rendait impossible son utilisation et la Mairie n’avait pas l’argent pour les travaux nécessaires à la restauration. Dès lors toute la ville est devenue une suite de zones exclusives maitrisées par les propriétaire de fait des espaces « publics » … interdits à ceux qui par les faciès ou l’allure conformes à des quartiers de riches consommateurs ; chaque espace de ce genre est hyper surveillé par des polices privées, vidéosurveillance à gogo etc.

    Un autre fait emblématique est que la participation aux élections communales a chuté à environ 40%, ce qui permet de gouverner avec à peine 20-22% des ayants droit de vote (c’est aussi le cas de presque toutes les villes italiennes). C’est le triomphe de la post-politique et de la dépolitisation généralisée. Un processus qui convient bien à tous les partis car ainsi ils ont moins de clientèle à cultiver ou acheter. En plus comme le remarque Lucia Tozzi il est éclatant noter que la plus forte abstention concerne les banlieues (comme en France) parce que leurs habitants sont depuis longtemps abandonnés par tous : ils ne correspondent pas à aucun profil convenant pour une ville qui mise sur les consommateurs aisés ou en mesure de dépenser assez pour un after hours, pour la soirées dans les dehors ou les innombrables boites où on mange, on écoute de la musique (souvent horrible) ou quelques jeunes rappeurs… alors il est évident que les moins fortunés des banlieues ne méritent que d’être chassé le plus loin possible de la ville qui doit être réservée surtout sinon uniquement à des résidents aisés et bien réceptifs de la communication des acteurs dominants.

    Bien au-delà de ses spécificités, Milan est une réalité tout à fait similaire à celle que presque toutes les villes aspirent à imiter. L’autrice cite nombre d’exemples, de la New York de Bloomberg à Londres, Paris, Vienne, Berlin, Barcelone etc. et une vaste littérature. Il apparait alors que Milan Mais est sans doute un cas extrême dans une Italie qui maintenant est aux mains d’une coalition de droite qui gouverne avec 27% des ayants droit de vote (le fascisme "démocratique" au pouvoir). Mais comme signale Lucia Tozzi, il est possible contraster cette dérive réactionnaire suivant l’exemple de ville comme Berlin où le mouvement des habitants a réussi à obliger la mairie à investir dans un très grand parc vraiment public totalement en dehors de toutes les visées des entrepreneurs-spéculateurs privés.

    Ce livre mérite d’être publié en français.

    https://blogs.mediapart.fr/salvatore-palidda/blog/030524/milan-la-ville-forgee-par-le-socialwashing-greenwashing-au-profit-de

    #géographie_urbaine #Milan #Italie

  • Naufragio del 2013 a Lampedusa, identificata dopo 11 anni una delle vittime

    La salma di #Weldu_Romel, identificata col codice «AM 16», è stata tumulata nel cimitero di Caltagirone

    Sono serviti 11 anni, ma adesso il migrante «Am16» - vittima della strage del 3 ottobre 2013 - ha un nome e cognome. Il ventisettenne eritreo, Weldu Romel, morto assieme ad altri 367 migranti, riposa nel cimitero di Caltagirone. E il 6 maggio sulla sua lapide, finalmente, ci sarà un nome. Lo hanno reso noto dl Comitato 3 ottobre, spiegando che l’identificazione è stata possibile «grazie al prezioso lavoro dell’istituto Labanof dell’università di Milano e al commissario straordinario per le persone scomparse».

    La salma di Weldu Romel, identificata col codice «Am 16», è stata tumulata, nell’ottobre 2013, nel cimitero di Caltagirone.

    Alla cerimonia per la posa della lapide con incisi il suo nome e cognome, che si terrà lunedì alle 10.30, parteciperanno, tra gli altri, il prefetto di Catania, Maria Carmela Librizzi, l’imam di Catania, Kheit Abdelhafid, monsignor Salvatore De Pasquale, vicario
    generale della Diocesi di Caltagirone, Tareke Brhane, presidente del Comitato 3 ottobre, Angela Ascanio, referente progetto Sai
    di Caltagirone e Vito Fiorino, nominato «Giusto» per aver salvato 47 persone mentre si consumava la tragedia.

    «La nostra battaglia è per dare un nome e una degna sepoltura alle vittime dei naufragi - sottolinea Tareke Brhane - negare, infatti, questo diritto è contro ogni principio di umanità. Ogni persona ha diritto a una degna sepoltura così come i familiari hanno diritto di avere un luogo in cui ricordare e piangere i propri cari. Siamo felici che oggi, finalmente, a Weldu sia stata ridata un’identità. Speriamo di poterlo fare ancora per le centinaia di vittime senza nome che ancora oggi sono sepolte nei tanti cimiteri del nostro Paese».

    https://www.agrigentonotizie.it/cronaca/naufragio-lampedusa-2013-identificata-vittima-dopo-11-anni-maggio-2

    #3_octobre_2023 #identification #migrations #mourir_aux_frontières #morts_aux_frontières #11_ans_après... #naufrage #Lampedusa

  • Histoire de la cartographie du XXe siècle : Visionscarto publie ce matin la version française d’un remarquable opus de Gilles Palsky publié initialement en anglais, qui explore l’œuvre de deux cartographes radicaux avant l’heure, Frank Horrabin, socialiste britannique, et Alexander Radó, communiste hongrois.

    Des cartes pour dénoncer l’impérialisme

    https://www.visionscarto.net/es-cartes-pour-denoncer-l-imperialisme

    par Gilles Palsky, Professeur de géographie
    université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne

    « Horrabin et Radó envisageaient les cartes comme des outils permettant de dénoncer et de combattre l’impérialisme bourgeois. Ils présentaient leurs travaux comme des projets nouveaux, différents des atlas ordinaires, qu’ils voulaient ancrés dans l’actualité et offrant des approches dynamiques. »

    #cartographie_radicale #précurseurs #rado #horrabin #histoire_de_la_cartographie

  • Belgique: La Chambre adopte la loi «Frontex»

    La Chambre a adopté jeudi en séance plénière un projet de loi permettant à du personnel de l’agence européenne Frontex d’effectuer des contrôles aux frontières belges et d’escorter des #retours_forcés d’étrangers.

    Porté par la ministre de l’Intérieur #Annelies_Verlinden (CD&V), ce projet de loi donnera l’occasion à ces agents d’effectuer ces contrôles frontaliers dans les #aéroports, les #ports, la #gare de #Bruxelles-Midi ainsi que dans son terminal #Eurostar, soit aux #frontières_extérieures de l’espace Schengen.

    Le texte a été adapté à la suite de l’avis du Conseil d’État. Ainsi, l’intervention de Frontex ne pourra avoir lieu qu’en présence et sous l’autorité de policiers belges. Le nombre d’agents Frontex actifs sur le territoire belge sera limité à cent. Ces actions seront aussi menées sous le contrôle du Comité P. Dans la majorité, Ecolo-Groen, le PS, mais aussi la ministre ont rappelé ces balises lors de la discussion générale.

    Le texte a été largement critiqué par plusieurs organisations ces derniers jours, dont le Ciré (Coordination et Initiatives pour Réfugiés et Étrangers).

    Annelies Verlinden a déploré une « désinformation qui n’aide pas au débat équilibré qu’on a connu en commission », tout en disant « comprendre » les inquiétudes exprimées.

    Il a été adopté par la majorité, moins les abstentions de Simon Moutquin (Ecolo), Khalil Aouasti (PS) et Hervé Rigot (PS). Le PTB, DéFI ainsi que Vanessa Matz (Les Engagés) ont pour leur part voté contre.

    https://www.rtl.be/actu/belgique/politique/la-chambre-adopte-la-loi-frontex/2024-05-03/article/665018

    #Belgique #loi_Frontex #Frontex #contrôles_migratoires #frontières #migrations #réfugiés

  • 🚨InfoMigrants à Sfax, Tunisie🚨

    1/Des milliers de migrants chassés hors de villes tunisiennes survivent dans la région de Sfax, sans aide, dans des champs d’oliviers, loin de tout.

    Ils se regroupent dans des dizaines de camps (appelés km18, km25 ou encore km30)

    2/🎙️« On a faim, chaque jour que Dieu fait, la police est là, on n’a pas d’eau, on n’arrive pas à manger », explique Aziz un burkinabé qui vit au km19 depuis un an ⬇️

    3/ 🗣️Les explications et le contexte de la situation par notre journaliste @C_Oberti
    sur place. « La situation s’envenime depuis des mois »

    4/ Pour comprendre un peu mieux où on est ⬇️ voici en rouge, la zone où se constituent la majorité des campements de migrants, dans des champs d’oliviers.

    Ils seraient environ 20 000, selon une source sécuritaire tunisiennes rencontrée par InfoMigrants

    5/Les conditions de vie de ces milliers d’Ivoiriens, Guineens, Gambiens, Sierra-Leonais, Nigerians… sont dramatiques. Ils manquent de tout. Les abris sont des draps tenus par des bâtons. L’eau potable manque.

    La peur d’être arrêtés par les policiers est omniprésente.

    6/ Aziz, le burkinabé, rappelle qu’aucune ONG ne vient dans la zone.

    Trouver de l’eau potable, du bois pour se chauffer, de la nourriture pour les enfants est un combat

    7/ et forcément les tensions sont de plus en plus fortes avec la population locale.

    Les précisions de notre journaliste ⬇️

    8/Cette tunisienne, non loin d’El Amra, se plaint de vols.

    Les migrants ne lui volent pas ses moutons, reconnaît-elle, mais prennent son bois 🪵(pour allumer des feux et cuisiner).

    « Ils détruisent tout ».

    9/ 🎙️réponse d’un exilé gambien aux accusations de vol.

    « Je ne suis pas un voleur mais parfois je ne mange pas, je ne bois pas d’eau… Alors oui, je vole parfois, mais pour survivre, je ne suis pas un criminel »

    10/ En représailles, et pour calmer la colère des habitants, la Garde nationale tunisienne envoie actuellement des soldats pour détruire les campements dans la zone.

    Nous en avions parlé dans ce papier

    https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/56683/en-tunisie-les-migrants-terrifies-face-aux-dernieres-interventions-de-

    11/L’écrasante majorité des migrants de Sfax ne veulent pas rester en Tunisie mais rejoindre les côtés européennes via l’île italienne de Lampedusa (à 200 km environ).

    Problème : les garde-côtes tunisiens arrêtent les embarcations au large de Sfax qui tentent la traversée 🌊

    https://twitter.com/InfoMigrants_fr/status/1786035010325066118

    #Tunisie #Sfax #violence #encampement #migrations #réfugiés #violences_policières #El_Amra #destruction

    En lien avec la #toponymie_migrante :

    Ils se regroupent dans des dizaines de camps (appelés km18, km25 ou encore km30)

  • More than 50,000 unaccompanied child migrants went missing in Europe : Survey

    Highest number in Italy with nearly 23,000, notes Lost in Europe project

    More than 50,000 unaccompanied child migrants went missing after arriving in Europe, a survey by a European journalism project revealed Tuesday.

    “Italy has the highest number of registered missing unaccompanied minors, with 22,899, followed by Austria (20,077), Belgium (2,241), Germany (2,005), and Switzerland (1,226),” according to the Lost in Europe project, which gathered data from 13 European countries from 2021 - 2023.

    It said the number of missing children may be even higher because data is often unreliable and incomplete, and many European countries do not collect data on missing unaccompanied minors.

    “These shocking findings underscore the seriousness of the issue, with thousands of children missing and their whereabouts unknown,” it said.

    Aagje Ieven, head of Missing Children Europe, said, “The increased number of reports on missing unaccompanied minors serves as a sharp reminder of the giant iceberg that looms beneath the surface.”

    https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/more-than-50-000-unaccompanied-child-migrants-went-missing-in-europe-survey/3206605

    #disparitions #MNA #mineurs_non_accompagnés #enfants #enfance #migrations #asile #réfugiés #Italie #Autriche #Belgique #Allemagne #Suisse

    –-

    A mettre en lien avec les statistiques et chiffres des « enfants réfugiés disparus en Europe » —> l’exemple d’Ancona montre les raisons des départs de #MNA des centres d’accueil en Italie :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/714320

  • London protesters block transfer of asylum seekers to #Bibby_Stockholm

    Dozens of demonstrators in #Peckham surround coach, preventing it from taking people to barge in Dorset.

    Hundreds of protesters have blocked an attempt to collect asylum seekers from a London hotel and take them to the Bibby Stockholm barge.

    Arrests were made as police waded into the crowd blocking the road near a Best Western hotel in Peckham. It was not until 3pm, seven hours after it turned up, that the coach sent for the asylum seekers was able to leave the area – without asylum seekers onboard – and a number of police vans carrying protesters who had been detained were also able to leave.

    The home secretary, James Cleverly, condemned the protesters and said they “will not … deter us from doing what is right for the British public”. But the scenes illustrated the challenges the government may yet face when it comes to carrying out deportations to Rwanda.

    It emerged on Thursday that the Home Office was abandoning plans to move asylum seekers in Margate to the Bibby Stockholm in the wake of protests there.

    Meanwhile, Humza Yousaf, Scotland’s outgoing first minister, denounced the Home Office’s “inhumane” and “cruel” detention raids on asylum seekers and urged the UK government to scrap the policy.

    At least eight asylum seekers living at the Best Western were told a week ago that they would be collected on Thursday morning and relocated to the Bibby Stockholm, moored at Portland in Dorset. The coach was expected to collect other passengers along the way, but it was blocked in when it was surrounded by protesters after pulling in at a bus stop at about 8am.

    At least one person received medical attention when they were knocked to the ground after police moved in at about 12.30pm.

    The people due to be removed were said to include teenagers attending colleges in the area. A number of men staying at the hotel said they feared the conditions that would await them on the Bibby Stockholm, where an Albanian man named Leonard Farruku died last year in a suspected suicide.

    One said: “We are also concerned this is happening at the same time as the government’s Rwanda plans have gone through. But it’s encouraging to see this sort of support.”

    The Metropolitan police’s deputy assistant commissioner, Ade Adelekan, said officers engaged with protesters at the scene and warned them they could be arrested.

    In Edinburgh, Yousaf told MSPs during first minister’s questions: “I deplore the inhumane Home Office enforcement action that we have seen. Detaining people to forcibly remove them to Rwanda is cruel, and punishes some of the most vulnerable in our society.”

    Yousaf was asked by the SNP MSP Karen Adams about the Guardian’s report on Sunday that the Home Office was to start detaining asylum seekers for forced deportation to Rwanda.

    He said: “At times like this, we all have an obligation to just step back. Actually think about what’s going on here, in a country, the UK, where those who flee persecution, war or extreme poverty, come to our shores.”

    Figures released on Thursday undermined Rishi Sunak’s claims that his Rwanda plan was working by putting off asylum seekers from trying to reach the UK. They showed that 711 people arrived by boat on Wednesday, more than half of the number who crossed during the whole of May last year, and a record for a single day since September.

    One of the coordinators of the protest in Peckham, Kojo Kyerewaa, of Black Lives Matter, said: “Our friends who are at a Home Office hotel got notification that they were going to be taken to the Bibby Stockholm today.”

    He said they were given a week’s notice and that “because of the bonds and relationships they’ve got in the community, we were made aware of that and organised a discreet action … so that they would not be abducted and taken away”.

    Kyerewaa said the protest was inspired by a similar one in Margate last week, where a coach was prevented from taking 22 asylum seekers to the barge.

    “We know that the residents don’t want to leave and we know that the Bibby Stockholm is a dangerous place to put anyone. It’s unsanitary and one person has taken their own life being there and there’s been multiple attempts of suicide by people told that they’re going to the Bibby Stockholm,” he said.

    The action is believed to be the first of its kind in London since 2022, when protesters gathered for hours to block a van transporting a man arrested for immigration offences.

    Some of those organising the action were from Black Lives Matter and the Southwark and Lambeth Anti-Raids network, while others were understood to be friends in the community, including those who taught the asylum seekers English at college.

    A Home Office spokesperson said: “This behaviour is intimidatory and aggressive. As part of our commitment to significantly reducing the use of hotels, asylum seekers are being moved into alternative accommodation to reduce costs on the taxpayer.

    “We have returned 150 hotels to local communities and we work closely with accommodation providers to manage the exit process in a way which limits the impact on local authorities and asylum seekers.”

    https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/article/2024/may/02/london-protesters-block-coach-peckham-asylum-seekers-bibby-stockholm

    #résistance #UK #Angleterre
    via @karine4

    –—

    ajouté à la métaliste sur le Bibby Stockholm :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/1016683

  • Deadly human smuggling through Mexico thrives in ‘perfect cycle of impunity’

    A new collaboration from ICIJ and media partners in Latin America, Europe and the United States documents nearly 19,000 migrants’ journeys to the U.S. border under dangerous conditions.

    Six days before Rafelín Martínez Castillo was sent flying from a trailer truck transporting him and 168 other migrants across Mexico, he was sanding wood in his cousin’s modest workshop in the Dominican Republic. The 31-year-old craftsman, his brother and cousin were working tirelessly to fulfill a large order of pilones, the popular mortar and pestle sets sold in souvenir stores and on roadsides in the Caribbean nation.

    “When I touched his hands the day we said goodbye, they were full of calluses and cuts from all the hours he spent sanding wood,” Martínez Castillo’s mother, Kenia Castillo, recalled during an interview in April 2023 at her house in Boqueron, a small, hilly region in the southern province of Azua. “I pleaded with him not to leave. I said we could get by eating rice and eggs if we had to. But he told me that just making pilones, we would never have anything.”

    The family used money from their pilones sales to pay part of the $26,000 to smugglers who had agreed to get Martínez Castillo to the United States. The trip would take him on a plane to Panama, then Guatemala, and from there he would cross the border into Chiapas, Mexico’s southernmost state.

    In recent years, tens of thousands of Dominicans have followed similar routes to reach the U.S. in an exodus that has become so ubiquitous it has turned into a popular culture reference, with the phrase “la vuelta es México” (“Mexico is the way”) showing up in rap and merengue songs and comedy sketches on national television. Generally, Dominicans have been flying to South and Central American countries with relaxed or no visa requirements. In 2022 and 2023, more than 3,000 people per month left the island on such flights, according to U.S. Customs and Border Protection data. The travel becomes much harder from there as they then make their way across several countries to arrive in Mexico; from Mexico they walk to the U.S.

    Martínez Castillo’s journey was supposed to culminate with him crossing into the United States. Instead, 25 days after leaving home, he returned in a casket.

    On Dec. 9, 2021, the 18-wheeler that had Martínez Castillo and his fellow migrants packed in like commodities overturned while speeding on a Chiapas highway. Fifty-six people died and 113 were wounded. The images of the bodies scattered across the highway surrounded by horrified onlookers spread around the globe.

    Following the trail of this and similar accidents involving migrants and trucks, a cross-border team of journalists found that the illegal use of these cargo vehicles to move migrants across Mexico has increased in the past several years as cartels have taken over the smuggling business, which has historically been controlled by a loose network of smugglers called coyotes or polleros. All of this has unfolded as the Mexican government, pressured by the United States, has toughened its policies to limit the record number of people crossing its territory in recent years, pushing migrants to find dangerous and often deadly ways to travel. As they make use of the cargo industry, which is supposed to be tightly regulated by government agencies, organized crime groups seem to operate with impunity. Today, the smuggling business is estimated to generate billions of dollars a year for the cartels.

    It also “has an enormous logistics apparatus and, of course, all the necessary complicities behind it,” said Tonatiuh Guillén López, who was appointed Mexico’s immigration chief in December 2018 and resigned six months later over disagreement with the shifting immigration policies of president Andres Manuel López Obrador. “Otherwise, how do … dozens of trucks travel undetected through the country?”

    Neither Mexico’s National Institute of Migration, its attorney general, the Secretariat of Defense, the National Guard and the National Chamber of Cargo Transportation, which represents the trucking industry, would comment or consent to interviews for this story.

    The team of reporters interviewed survivors, experts, migrants’ rights advocates and current and former Mexican officials, and reviewed thousands of pages of documents for this story. The reporters also created a database listing more than 170 trucks that carried migrants and were inspected, detained, involved in accidents or abandoned from 2018 to 2023. Due to the varying quality of the information, and because Mexican authorities have tracked cases only since 2022, after the Chiapas accident, the data reveals only a tiny portion of this human smuggling. But what it does show is that nearly 19,000 people — including more than 3,200 minors — were traveling in the trucks the reporters identified.

    The data also shows that at least 111 migrants traveling in trailers through Mexico in those six years died because of exposure to heat or lack of oxygen, or as a result of traffic accidents. On March 7, 2019, a trailer carrying about 80 migrants drove off the road and overturned in Chiapas, causing the deaths of 23 people, among them a 2-year-old and a 7-year-old. Three years later, 64 people were rescued from a trailer abandoned on the side of the road in the northern state of Coahuila. They had been traveling without water or ventilation and endured temperatures of 104 degrees Fahrenheit inside the trailer, authorities said. Fourteen people were hospitalized, and a Nicaraguan woman died and had a stillbirth.

    On Sept. 28, 2023, two migrants died and 27 were injured after the driver of a truck carrying 52 people lost control and the truck overturned on a highway in Mezcalapa, Chiapas. Three days later, nine Cuban women and a girl died and 17 other Cubans were injured after the truck carrying them crashed on a highway about 100 miles from the Guatemalan border.

    Given the volume of people passing through Mexico — U.S. Customs and Border Protection data shows that more than 4.8 million foreign nationals were encountered at the southern border in the last two years alone — the number of migrants in trucks is undoubtedly higher than the reporters’ data analysis shows, according to experts and advocates for migrants’ rights.

    Guillén, the former immigration chief, said that while many migrants are misled by smugglers about the mode of transportation, others do understand the dangers of being locked for hours in a rolling steel container.

    “The situation of displaced people is so grave that they take all these risks,” Guillén said. He has a phrase to describe the despair and lack of options faced by migrants in Mexico and around the world. He calls it “the magnitude of hopelessness.”
    A ‘humane’ immigration policy?

    Large numbers of Central Americans have been passing through Mexico to reach the U.S. since at least the 1980s, fleeing civil wars or attracted by American companies’ demand for cheap labor. That migration continued in the late 1990s, when thousands left their countries after the devastation caused by Hurricane Mitch in 1998. Other waves followed, driven by economic crises, climate change, violence and political upheaval. Around 2010 a new trend emerged: Thousands of Asian and African migrants arrived in the south of Mexico after traversing the Americas en route to the U.S.

    To contain the flow, the U.S. and Mexico have beefed up the presence of law enforcement at their borders. With funding from the U.S., Mexico increased deportations, sending hundreds of thousands of people back to their countries and even deporting more than the United States has in particular years.

    Mexico became what experts call “a vertical border,” explained Gretchen Kuhner, director of the Institute for Women in Migration, a nonprofit advocacy group. This means that immigration inspections aren’t happening only at entry points at borders, airports and seaports, Kuhner said. Instead, stops and searches can happen anywhere. Soldiers and immigration agents began stopping people in parks and other public areas as far back as nearly 10 years ago, boarding buses and pulling over vehicles to catch undocumented migrants. (In 2022 the Mexican Supreme Court declared this practice unconstitutional after three Indigenous siblings who were racially profiled sued, but that hasn’t stopped the practice.)

    “This way of doing immigration control is, from our perspective, one of the factors that pushes people to travel in a clandestine way and what allows organized crime groups that traffic people to flourish,” Kuhner said, because they offer a way to dodge the random stops and searches.

    Poor migrants who can’t pay smugglers or hire fixers to bribe authorities for expedited documents to move legally across Mexico have traditionally attempted the journey walking or hitchhiking. Many more risk injury or death by climbing atop the moving freight train nicknamed “The Beast” and the “Death Train,” part of a railway network that runs the length of Mexico. Seeking safety in numbers, thousands of people a year travel together on foot for hundreds of miles in so-called migrant caravans. Others, like Martínez Castillo, the Dominican woodworker, and the nearly 19,000 identified in the data analysis, end up crammed in the trailer trucks.

    For a brief period at the beginning of his presidency in 2018, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a center-left liberal, followed his campaign promises to forge a more “humane” immigration policy than the one he had inherited. His administration granted thousands of humanitarian visas to allow migrants safe passage or work visas to stay in Mexico. During that period, a caravan was able to cross the country largely unimpeded. But he soon reversed course under pressure from the Trump administration that threatened to increase tariffs on Mexican imports.

    In the summer of 2019, López Obrador deployed nearly 21,000 agents from the National Guard, a security force he created, to Mexico’s borders with Guatemala and the U.S. to contain migrants. Later, Mexico also largely stopped issuing safe-passage documents to migrants. Notably, the government prohibited transportation companies from selling bus tickets to anyone who couldn’t show a valid immigration document allowing them to be in the country. Advocates point to that policy — which prevents people from traveling in a safer way — as one of the chief reasons that pushed migrants to seek dangerous alternatives to traverse Mexico. In October, a Mexican federal court declared the practice of asking for immigration documents illegal and discriminatory.

    ‘Children, babies and entire families’

    In Mexico — an export-oriented economy that has overtaken China as the United States’ top supplier — cargo trucks play a key role in keeping businesses running. The number of cargo trucks traveling annually on Mexican roads surpassed 600,000 in 2021.

    A reporter from En un 2×3 Tamaulipas who contributed to this story spent more than six weeks approaching companies and individuals who work in the trucking industry in the hopes of finding drivers who had carried migrants in trucks. Only one driver agreed to talk – on the condition that his identity be protected out of fear of retribution. The man, who has driven trucks loaded with migrants, said that drivers don’t necessarily seek out this kind of work. Instead, they are recruited at freight stations by those who work for cartels. Refusing the job can mean death, he said.

    “They arrive and tell you: ‘I need you to take this trip for me,’” he said. “Everything is already arranged.”

    He said migrants who manage to reach Mexico City, in the center of the country, from the south are approached at bus terminals by coyotes who offer them safe transportation to the U.S.-Mexico border. Migrants who find a way to get to Michoacan, a few hours west of Mexico City, pay to board the trailer trucks. From there, they are driven hundreds of miles to towns near the border with Texas, such as Reynosa or Matamoros.

    The driver, who has been transporting produce from Michoacan to other parts of the country since 2013, said he has driven up to 100 people at a time in trailers, in trips that last 15 hours — carrying “children, babies and entire families.” Drivers are prohibited from stopping along the way to check on migrants’ conditions, he said.

    In 2022, he said, he was approached by a man who told him that he was going to drive a group of Central American migrants to northern Mexico. He was going to be paid for it, but he also understood it wasn’t an offer he could turn down. “They threaten your family,” the driver said. “I can’t even imagine how big their reach is, but when they come and offer you the gig they tell you, ‘Look, if you refuse or if you betray me, we know that your family lives in such and such area.’”

    He said he’s given a phone to receive instructions during the trip. He is stopped at checkpoints by either the Army or the National Guard. He’s usually instructed to explain to the soldiers that he is carrying people. Then he is supposed to hand over the phone. “They communicate with each other, arrange their transactions, and that’s it,” the driver said. “Then [the soldiers] tell you, ‘You can go through.’”

    The Mexican Secretariat of Defense also declined to comment on the testimony of the driver, claiming it has no jurisdiction in immigration matters. Drivers may be offered between $4,800 and $6,000 (80,000 to 100,000 Mexican pesos) for each trip or “package delivered,” the driver said, but they usually get less than half the payment in the end. “It is not negotiable,” he said.

    However harrowing it is to be recruited to drive migrants in a truck, the experience can’t begin to compare to what it’s like being a passenger. In January 2019, Yanira Chávez traveled for four days inside a trailer truck with her young son and daughter and about 170 others.

    Four days into the new year, Chávez, now 36, and her children left their small town in northern Honduras. She had paid the first $5,000 to a local coyote who for $10,000 promised to take them to the United States, where Chávez’s husband was waiting for them. The coyote told them that once in Mexico, they were going to travel to the northern region by plane and instructed them to buy “luggage with wheels” to appear as tourists, not migrants.

    Chávez and her children traveled by bus from Honduras to northern Guatemala, and from there they crossed a river by boat into Mexico. “I’m a little bit closer to you,” she texted her husband at that point.

    In Mexico, Chávez soon realized they would not be catching any plane. The smugglers took away her phone and the phones of the migrants she was traveling with, threw away their suitcases and forced them to get inside a huge trailer, she said. Chávez and others initially refused to get in. “But at that point, it no longer depends on whether you want to or not,” said Chávez. “You have to do it because if you don’t, the threat is that they will hand you over to the cartel.”

    Inside the truck the heat was stifling, Chávez recalled. Men were sitting lined up one behind the other in the center. Women squatted against the walls, holding the children between their legs. Soon after the truck started moving, a boy, about 2 years old, began crying. “Either you keep him quiet or I keep him quiet,” one of the armed coyotes riding inside the trailer told the child’s mother, according to Chávez.

    There were plastic buckets at each end of the trailer in which to urinate. The stench flooded the space, she said. “People were fainting.”

    The migrants were taken out of the trailer three times during the 900 miles from Villahermosa to Reynosa, she said, in the state of Tamaulipas, near Texas. One of those times, Chávez said, they walked through the backwoods for several hours until nightfall to evade a police checkpoint.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ur19QsWddlg

    The ordeal didn’t end once the trailer truck dropped them off. In Reynosa, Chávez and her children were held hostage, first in a motel and then in a house for more than a week, until her husband managed to wire a total of $14,000 in small transactions to have them released, she said. Kidnappings are commonplace for migrants in Mexico when smugglers know they have relatives in the U.S. awaiting them.

    Nearly a month after she left Honduras, Chávez and her children crossed the Rio Grande and surrendered to the U.S. Border Patrol in McAllen, Texas, where they asked for asylum. Chávez says the case was recently closed, adding uncertainty to the family’s future, but for now they’re living a quiet life in Long Island, N.Y., where she works for a wood molding company. The bitter memories and guilt about what the children had to go through overwhelm her sometimes. It’s particularly hard, she said, when a trailer truck approaches her workplace to deliver materials.
    ‘A perfect cycle of impunity’

    Neither the victims of the smuggling business nor their surviving relatives often see justice, the reporting shows. From 2016 to 2023 there have been only 35 convictions for human trafficking in Mexican district courts, according to information obtained through a public records request to the Mexican Justice Department. Reporters compared the information from the Justice Department with the database created for this story. The analysis showed that some of the Mexican states where trucks smuggling migrants are most frequently detected — and where the most deaths are recorded annually — also have the fewest investigations into human trafficking open. In the state of Veracruz, the nation’s Attorney General’s Office only opened three cases from 2016 to October 2023, while there are no such open cases in either Chiapas or Nuevo León.

    Experts and human rights advocates say that in a country like Mexico, which often ranks poorly in reports about corruption, crimes against migrants are bound to go unpunished. “It is a perfect cycle of impunity,” said Mónica Oehler, a researcher in Mexico for Amnesty International.

    She said migrants rarely report crimes out of fear of being deported. They also risk retribution from smugglers. “It doesn’t even cross their mind when you ask them: ‘Have you reported this?’” Oehler said.

    For Kenia Castillo, the Dominican mother who lost her son in the December 2021 Chiapas accident, filing a crime report at the time was hardly foremost on her mind. “Our main worry was bringing his body home,” she said.

    Rafelín Martínez Castillo left a 4-year-old daughter whom Castillo is now raising and trying to legally adopt. There is also a mountain of debt from loans taken to pay for her son’s efforts to get to the U.S. As she grapples with those pressing realities, Castillo said, “Sometimes I think about how so many people have gone before and after him, and they made it.” She shrugged her shoulders, resigned to her son’s fate.

    The accident could have been a turning point in curtailing migrant smuggling but has instead become yet another tragic example of systemic failures. During a press conference the day after the accident, Mexico’s then-Foreign Affairs Secretary Marcelo Ebrard, along with officials from the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras and the United States, announced the creation of a Grupo de Acción Inmediata, or Immediate Action Group, to investigate what happened to Martínez Castillo and his fellow travelers. The officials blamed the accident on “international human trafficking networks” and vowed to stop them. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it would present the “actions, progress and results” of the group’s work in a public report.

    Reporters found that the group met only once in January 2022 after its inaugural session the month before, and the report promised by the ministry has never been released. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Mexico did not respond to requests for comments about the Immediate Action Group’s work. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security didn’t answer specific questions about the group, but a spokesperson wrote in an email that Homeland Security Investigations works with Mexico’s Transnational Criminal Investigative Unit to combat human smuggling and prosecute individuals involved in criminal activity “often resulting in disruptions of criminal enterprises.”

    Although arrests for the Chiapas accident were made in the Dominican Republic and Mexico, reporters have yet to find any evidence that, nearly 2½ years later, anyone, in any country, has been convicted.

    https://www.icij.org/inside-icij/2024/04/deadly-human-smuggling-through-mexico-thrives-in-perfect-cycle-of-impunity

    #impunité #mourir_aux_frontières #morts_aux_frontières #migrations #réfugiés #frontières #camions #cargo_truck #République_dominicaine #Chiapas #contrôles_frontaliers #The_Beast #The_Death_Train #train
    via @fil

  • #Tunisie : la #morgue de #Sfax débordée par les corps de migrants

    D’une capacité de 35 places, la morgue de l’#hôpital de Sfax, dans le centre de la Tunisie, est actuellement à saturation : une centaine de corps de migrants sont en attente d’inhumation. La région concentre les départs d’embarcations chargées d’exilés vers l’Europe.

    Il n’y a pas assez de place pour les cadavres. D’après un responsable de la santé basé à Sfax, la morgue de l’hôpital, d’une capacité de 35 places, est à saturation : une centaine de corps de migrants sont en attente d’#inhumation.

    Face à la multiplication des décès en mer, les autorités tunisiennes locales souffrent d’un manque de capacités logistiques pour conserver ces corps, le temps que des tests ADN soient effectués pour identification et que des tombes soient réservées, explique Middle East Monitor.

    Ce n’est pas la première fois que la morgue de l’hôpital se retrouve dans cette situation. En mars 2023, les autorités avaient tiré la sonnette d’alarme, alors que 70 corps avaient été pris en charge.

    Pour répondre à l’urgence, le directeur régional de la santé avait lancé un appel « aux organisations de migration », en particulier l’Organisation internationale pour les migrations (OIM), « pour soutenir les efforts du système de santé local en fournissant des conteneurs réfrigérés et un camion réfrigéré pour transporter les corps à l’hôpital ».

    En mai 2022 aussi, l’établissement avait reçu 92 corps de migrants morts en mer, tous originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne. Faute de place, une quarantaine d’entre eux étaient « entassés sur le sol », avait déploré le porte-parole du tribunal de Sfax, Mourad Turki.
    Des naufrages en chaîne

    Cette région du centre de la Tunisie est le principal point de départ des embarcations d’exilés en partance pour l’Europe. Et les naufrages sont très nombreux. Mercredi 10 avril, deux embarcations parties de Tunisie ont chaviré en mer. L’un au large de Lampedusa : neuf personnes, dont une fillette, sont décédés, et 15 sont portées disparues. Le second naufrage s’est produit au large des côtes tunisiennes, sans que l’on ne retrouve les 45 passagers du bateau.

    Parfois, il faut attendre des jours voire des semaines après un naufrage avant que la mer ne recrache des corps sur les différentes plages du pays.

    Début avril, les autorités tunisiennes avaient aussi récupéré 13 corps de migrants au large du pays. Le 25 mars aussi, cinq corps de migrants ont été retrouvés par les garde-côtes tunisiens, sur le littoral centre.
    « Le racisme ici a tout chamboulé »

    Au cours du premier trimestre 2024, plus de 21 000 personnes parties des côtes tunisiennes ont atteint l’Italie, a déclaré à la radio Mosaïque FM le porte-parole de de la Garde nationale tunisienne, Houssam Eddine Jebabli.

    Les exilés embarquent dans de frêles bateaux en fer complètement inadaptés aux traversées en mer, poussés par des conditions de vie très difficiles dans le pays. Le racisme anti-Noirs, attisé par des propos du président Kaïs Saïed, est légion dans la région de Sfax notamment. Forcés de quitter la ville, des centaines de migrants survivent depuis plusieurs mois dans des camps délabrés, le long d’une route, sous des oliviers.

    Pour ces exilés qui survivent dans le dénuement le plus total, la seule solution reste un départ pour l’Europe. « Quand je suis arrivé en Tunisie, c’était pour y rester et construire ma vie : obtenir l’asile, continuer mes études dans l’informatique, et travailler un peu en parallèle, a raconté à InfoMigrants Miguel, un migrant camerounais installé dans un des camps près d’Al-Amra. Mais le racisme qu’il y a ici a tout chamboulé. Ça a cassé tous mes rêves ».

    Désormais le jeune homme n’aspire qu’à une chose : prendre la mer direction l’Italie. Malgré la dangerosité de la traversée. En 2023, 1 313 personnes parties des côtes tunisiennes ont disparu ou sont mortes en #mer_Méditerranée, selon les chiffres du Forum tunisien des droits économiques et sociaux (FTDES). Un nombre jamais atteint jusqu’ici.

    https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/56547/tunisie--la-morgue-de-sfax-debordee-par-les-corps-de-migrants
    #migrations #réfugiés #mourir_aux_frontières #morts_aux_Frontières #cadavres #identification #ADN #Méditerranée

  • Environ 900 corps de migrants ont été retrouvés en Tunisie depuis le début de l’année
    (info datant de juillet 2023)

    Selon le ministre tunisien de l’Intérieur, quelque 900 corps de migrants ont été découverts sur les côtes tunisiennes entre le 1er janvier et le 20 juillet. Parmi ces victimes figurent au moins au moins 260 ressortissants d’Afrique subsaharienne. Ce nombre tragique s’explique principalement par la très forte hausse des départs d’exilés due à la dégradation de la situation politique et économique dans le pays.

    C’est un nombre qui dit l’ampleur de la tragédie qui se déroule en Méditerranée centrale, au large des côtes tunisiennes. Mercredi 26 juillet, le ministre tunisien de l’Intérieur Kamel Feki a annoncé que 901 #corps de migrants ont été retrouvés sur les côtes tunisiennes entre le 1er janvier et le 20 juillet. Parmi ces victimes se trouvaient 26 Tunisiens, 267 « étrangers » (des Africains subsahariens) et 608 corps non-identifiés.

    De son côté, le porte-parole de la Garde nationale tunisienne, Houcem Eddine Jebabli a déclaré que 789 corps de migrants avaient été trouvés sur les côtes tunisiennes entre le 1er janvier et le 20 juin.

    Ce tragique record illustre l’explosion du nombre de tentatives de traversées de la Méditerranée au départ de la Tunisie, depuis le début de l’année. Le pays se place désormais en première place des pays de départs d’exilés de la région, devant la Libye. Les exilés prennent la mer dans l’espoir de rejoindre l’Europe, et notamment l’île italienne de Lampedusa, distante de seulement 180km de la ville de Sfax, d’où ont lieu la plupart des départs.

    Discours xénophobe

    L’augmentation des départs de Tunisie remonte à 2022 et au début de la guerre en Ukraine qui a aggravé la crise économique dans le pays. De nombreux migrants qui vivaient d’emplois informels dans le pays ont perdu leurs revenus. Au même moment, de nombreux jeunes Tunisiens choisissaient également de quitter le pays en raison de la hausse des prix.

    En février dernier, dans un discours, le président Kais Saied a accusé les migrants en Tunisie d’être à l’origine de « violence, de crimes et d’actes inacceptables ». Le président a également soutenu que l’immigration clandestine en Tunisie relevait d’une « entreprise criminelle ourdie à l’orée de ce siècle pour changer la composition démographique de la Tunisie », afin de la transformer en un pays « africain seulement » et estomper son caractère « arabo-musulman ».

    >> À lire : Tunisie : pourquoi le président Kaïs Saïed s’en prend-il aux migrants subsahariens ?

    Ces propos ont entraîné une vague de violences contre les Subsahariens dans le pays et a précipité le départ de nombreux d’entre eux. La plupart de ces départs se font depuis la région de Sfax, à l’est de la Tunisie. Dès le mois de mars, le personnel de la morgue de Sfax se disait totalement dépassé par le nombre de corps qui lui était confiés. Hatem Cherif, directeur régional de la santé à Sfax, cité par l’agence TAP, expliquait que « la semaine [précédente], la morgue [avait] compté 70 corps » pour seulement 35 places.
    « Tous les Subsahariens aspirent à aller en Europe »

    Dans la ville de Sfax la situation s’est encore dégradée après la mort, le 3 juillet, d’un Tunisien au cours d’affrontements entre migrants et population locale. À la suite de ces faits, de très nombreux exilés ont perdu leur emploi et ont été chassés de leur domicile. Des centaines de personnes ont également été arrêtées en pleine rue et envoyées dans des zones désertiques frontalières de la Libye et de l’Algérie. Face à ces menaces, de nombreux exilés ont décidé de quitter le pays alors qu’ils ne l’avaient pas envisagé auparavant.

    « Cette situation va précipiter les départs », assurait à InfoMigrants Salif*, un Ivoirien de 39 ans. Installé en Tunisie depuis plusieurs années avec sa femme et sa fille, il n’avait jamais envisagé de prendre la mer. Mais, comme beaucoup, il expliquait ne plus voir « d’autres solutions ». « Avec ce qu’il se passe en ce moment, tous les Subsahariens aspirent à aller en Europe, même ceux qui ne voulaient pas prendre la mer », affirmait-il début juillet.

    Une précipitation ressentie en Méditerranée par les ONG. « En 2022, nous n’avons pas opéré un seul sauvetage de personnes venues de Tunisie », confirme à InfoMigrants Caroline Willemen, responsable adjointe de la mission Search et Rescue de Médecins sans frontières (MSF). « Or, depuis janvier, on prend en charge plus de gens qui ont fui la Tunisie et cela s’est intensifié depuis début juillet ».

    « Lors de notre dernière mission [mi-juillet, ndlr], après un sauvetage près des côtes libyennes, les autorités italiennes nous ont demandé de les épauler pour secourir 11 canots dans la zone de recherche et de sauvetage. Tous étaient remplis de Subsahariens partis de Tunisie », ajoute-t-elle.

    Il faut ajouter à ces éléments que les départs d’embarcations depuis la Libye ne se sont jamais taris. De nombreux migrants continuent à prendre la mer depuis les côtes libyennes espérant atteindre Lampedusa. Un certain nombre de bateaux font naufrage en chemin et il arrive alors que des corps s’échouent sur les plages tunisiennes.
    Canots en métal

    Alors que le nombre de départs se multiplie, de nombreuses tentatives se finissent aussi en drame car la qualité des bateaux s’est dégradée ces derniers mois. Les canots pneumatiques et en bois ont été remplacés par des bateaux en métal assemblés à la va-vite et totalement inadaptés à la navigation en mer.

    « Les canots sont très lourds et […] il n’y a que 20 cm qui séparent les migrants de [la surface] de l’eau. À la première vague qui arrive sur le bateau, il coule immédiatement », expliquait en mai dernier Jens Janssen, avocat de l’ONG Resqship, interrogé par Reuters.

    Dans la ville tunisienne portuaire d’Ellouza, « les bateaux métalliques échoués et rongés par la rouille sont innombrables », a récemment décrit une reporter dans un article du Monde. Un pêcheur interrogé par la journaliste a, lui aussi, déploré l’utilisation de ces bateaux de « très mauvaise qualité ».

    Selon Rome, plus de 80 000 personnes ont traversé la Méditerranée et sont arrivées sur les côtes de la péninsule italienne depuis le début de l’année, contre 33 000 l’an dernier sur la même période, en majorité au départ du littoral tunisien et de Libye.

    La Méditerranée centrale - entre l’Afrique du Nord et l’Italie - est la route migratoire la plus dangereuse au monde en 2023, selon l’Organisation internationale des migrations (OIM), qui recense plus de 20 000 morts depuis 2014.

    https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/50678/environ-900-corps-de-migrants-ont-ete-retrouves-en-tunisie-depuis-le-d
    #xénophobie #racisme #mourir_aux_frontières #morts_aux_Frontières #décès #migrations #réfugiés #migrants_sub-sahariens #naufrages #Méditerranée #Mer_Méditerranée

    • So de pastera

      Saps que hi va de falaguera
      na Bel quan surt a ballar
      i sempre sol acabar
      amb so so de sa pastera.

      Repica-les, Toni,
      repica-les bé.
      Repica-les, Toni,
      que, quan seré Toni,
      les repicaré.

      Per ballar es copeo
      jo a ningú tenc por
      i es so de pastera
      és es millor so.

      No estic tan enamorada
      que no em pugui divertir.
      L’amor no em fa dany a mi,
      perquè hi sé donar passada.

      Repica-les, Toni,
      repica-les bé.
      Repica-les, Toni,
      que, quan seré Toni,
      les repicaré.

      Per ballar es copeo
      jo a ningú tenc por
      i es so de pastera
      és es millor so.

      https://www.viasona.cat/grup/musica-nostra/ball-de-bot/so-de-pastera

  • Design di genere, ripensare le città tra cura del paesaggio e delle aree verdi

    Aree verdi da attraversare da sole, sentendosi sicure. Paesaggi in abbandono che tornano ad essere tutelati per la loro biodiversità. La cura delle nostre città passa per le questioni di genere: un convegno organizzato dall’associazione «Donna, immagine città» spiega perché.

    Ripensare la città con uno sguardo nuovo, che parti da un linguaggio più ampio per arrivare ai diversi comparti che possono fare dei posti che viviamo, luoghi di benessere per tutte e tutti. Da questi presupposti si è mosso il convegno Città e design di genere. Linguaggio inclusivo, organizzata a Roma, all’Europa Experience, dall’associazione Donna, immagine città lo scorso 22 marzo.

    All’interno dell’evento che ha trattato in maniera estesa, e attraverso più panel, le diverse sfumature che riguardano la città e la presenza delle donne all’interno di essa partendo dal linguaggio, sono emersi spunti interessanti per quel che riguarda nello specifico l’urbanistica e le connessioni con il paesaggio, il verde pubblico e la viabilità ciclabile e pedonale: tutti aspetti strettamente connessi con il tema della conversione ecologica che necessitano però di un dialogo con le tematiche di genere.
    Aree verdi più sicure

    “Quando ragioniamo come progettisti e pianificatori delle città – ha detto nel corso dell’evento Barbara Negroni, consigliera nazionale CONAF Consiglio dell’Ordine Nazionale dei Dottori Agronomi e dei Dottori Forestali – dobbiamo farlo in modo più complesso”.

    Oltre ad alcuni aspetti tecnici che riguardano ad esempio le piante da introdurre nelle aree verdi, gli interventi di depavimentazione e tutte quelle opere messe in campo per far fronte ed evitare le isole di calore, ci sono altri considerazioni da fare per rendere la città accogliente per tutte e tutti.

    “Se abbiamo bisogno di aree verdi e piazze, come spazi interconnessi tra di loro, abbiamo anche la necessità che la città diventi il più possibile vivibile da un punto di vista della sicurezza. Siamo abituati ad avere un’urbanistica e un disegno della città che vede una mobilità lineare, molto veloce, perché fatta più per gli uomini che compiono il tragitto casa-lavoro. Viceversa, le donne si muovono in maniera trasversale nella città perché fanno tante cose: lavorano ma portano anche bambine e bambini a scuola, fanno la spesa, si occupano del lavoro di cura delle persone anziane”.

    “A Casalecchio di Reno – dove Negroni è assessora alla Qualità dell’Ambiente e del Territorio – abbiamo fatto un’analisi di quella che è la mobilità ciclabile delle persone che vanno a lavorare in bicicletta: abbiamo così visto che gli uomini seguono le piste ciclabili in maniera retta sempre seguendo le strade principali, le donne invece vanno attraverso le piste o camminando all’interno delle città, per raggiungere i luoghi di destinazione”.

    “Nel ripensare le aree verdi non dobbiamo quindi considerare solo le specie più adatte per le alte temperature, che permettano di fare ombra, ma dobbiamo andare anche a ragionare sul loro disegno per dare trasparenza, così che siano anche permeabili alla vista perché quando le attraversiamo, dobbiamo avere una percezione di sicurezza. Nel momento in cui riusciamo a dare una trama verde alla città, che sia connessa e trasparente di fatto diventa una città sicura”.

    Quella della connessione delle aree verdi, come fa notare anche Negroni, è anche un tema di equità sociale: poter usufruire di aree verdi connesse tra loro attraversi piste ciclabili o percorsi pedonali è infatti un diritto fondamentale di tutti, e non deve restare solo appannaggio di chi vive nei quartieri più avvantaggiati della città, magari perché maggiormente centrali.

    E se l’esperienza di urbanistica di genere a Bologna, già raccontata su EconomiaCircolare.com, o la riprogettazione in corso a Casalecchio di Reno possono rappresentare degli esempi positivi in cui lo spazio urbano torna ad essere attraversato dalle persone, in modo più consapevole e sicuro e le aree verdi si riprendono il giusto spazio, l’altro lato della medaglia vede l’Italia detenere il record di consumo di suolo in Europa, con la cementificazione di 2,4 metri quadrati al secondo, secondo l’ultimo report sul consumo di suolo dell’Ispra relativo al 2023.

    Il terzo paesaggio

    “Nel suolo – ha spiegato Daniela Ducato, innovatrice green e Cavaliere della Repubblica per meriti ambientali – c’è il nostro futuro biologico, e il nostro futuro biologico è proprio nel terzo paesaggio, cioè in quegli spazi in natura che non disegniamo noi”.

    Con l’espressione terzo paesaggio, coniata da Gilles Clément, scrittore, architetto paesaggista ed ingegnere agronomo francese, si intende infatti un luogo che non subisce la progettazione umana, la cui evoluzione è determinata dall’insieme degli esseri biologici che vivono al suo interno. Questi luoghi sono situati ai margine di boschi, strade, fiumi, possono essere di dimensioni modeste, come il bordo di un campo, o il margine di una strada, o più estesi, come un terreno abbandonato dopo lo sfruttamento, ma anche un’ex cava o ex aree industriali dove la natura si è riappropriata dei propri spazi. Questi luoghi non sono spesso considerati dall’opinione pubblica e dalle amministrazioni e sono spessi i primi ad essere sacrificati, asfaltandoli o abbandonando rifiuti, fino a divenire delle vere e proprie discariche a cielo aperto.

    Ducato ha presentato invece il caso virtuoso del Comune sardo di Guspini (Sud Sardegna), il primo in Italia, dove un paesaggio, anzi proprio un terzo paesaggio, ha ottenuto la certificazione di risorsa sanitaria. Il comune, la cui area industriale aveva già ricevuto la certificazione pesticidi free, è stato infatti interessato da un progetto ideato da Ducato stessa, che vede in campo un team di ricerca scientifica con il comune di Guspini, l’Associazione Italiana di medicina forestale, in collaborazione con la Confcommercio Green, università e privati, e si basa sui benefici sulla salute umana apportati dalle medicina forestale, come: abbassamento della glicemia, aumento della concentrazione e dell’attenzione, rilassamento mentale e contrasto dell’insonnia, riequilibrio del tono dell’umore, stimolazione del sistema psiconeuroendrocrino e immunitario.

    Come ha spiegato l’esperta si tratta di un riconoscimento già avvenuto per parchi e giardini ma mai per un terzo paesaggio, quindi per un paesaggio marginale e periferico dove la natura fa da padrona. Ciò a cui spesso non si pensa di queste aree è infatti che non hanno bisogno di essere innaffiate o concimate, ma conservano una preziosissima biodiversità: “Nessun paesaggista al mondo riesce a fare quello che fa la natura”.

    Il modo in cui chiamiamo le cose, si sa, è legato a doppio filo alla percezione che ne abbiamo, e anche per questi luoghi c’è, secondo Ducati, un bias cognitivo: “Spesso sentiamo distanti questi paesaggi, li vediamo brutti, sporchi e cattivi: così consumiamo e maltrattiamo con il nostro linguaggio questi straordinari luoghi di biodiversità, per altro utilizzando un linguaggio violento, che spesso coincide con quello che si ha nei confronti delle donne”.

    Oltre al lavoro con medici, botanici e biologi, a Guspini si è fatto un lavoro anche sulla toponomastica, con l’intento di ridare dignità e identità alle zone industriali. Si sono intitolate 50 strade a donne: “non solo a donne famose ma a donne che hanno infranto tabu, regole, innovatrici, scienziate, ma anche casalinghe, lavandaie, parrucchiere, donne di tutto il mondo che ci hanno aperto delle strade di pensiero. Sono donne non sono nei libri di scuola ma le loro storie sono scritte nei nostri terzi paesaggi”.

    Quella della toponomastica di genere è un tema ricorrenti negli ultimi anni, anche perché rappresenta una nota dolente all’interno delle nostre città. Dopo aver esaminato i nomi di 155.468 strade in 32 grandi città europee, situate in 19 Paesi diversi, la piattaforma Mapping Diversity, sviluppata da Sheldon Studio e voluta da Obc Transeuropa con altri partner dell’European data journalism network, ha rilevato che oltre il 90% delle strade intitolate a persone sono dedicate a uomini bianchi.

    https://economiacircolare.com/design-di-genere-ripensare-citta-cura-paesaggio-aree-verdi
    #genre #terzo_paesaggio #toponymie #toponymie_féministe #femmes #noms_de_rue #Guspini #Italie #Sardaigne #tiers_paysage

    • Strade di Guspini intitolate alle donne. La zona industriale sarà al femminile

      I nomi delle vie saranno tutti al femminile. Lo ha deciso il Comune di Guspini che, per primo in Italia, ha deciso, con una delibera, di dedicare le vie della zona industriale alle donne che hanno aperto metaforicamente nuove strade, non solo nel commercio.

      Lo ha annunciato questa mattina Daniela Ducato, l’imprenditrice premiata come la più innovativa d’Italia, famosa in mezzo mondo per le sue produzioni realizzate con eccedenze e residui vegetali, in occasione della conferenza stampa sulle iniziative ‘green’ di Confcommercio. Si parte da Guspini, ma anche la vicina Arbus è pronta ad approvare una analoga iniziativa. “La toponomastica – ricorda Ducato – è quasi totalmente maschile, le donne sono al 3 per cento nei centri dove la situazione è migliore”. L’imprenditrice quasi non ci credeva. Poi è arrivata la delibera. E la speranza ora è che tanti Comuni seguano la stessa strada. Magari uscendo anche dalle zone industriali. Una richiesta che parte da lontano: la prima proposta fu formulata 30 anni fa. “Chiesi che la toponomastica fosse anche al femminile e che le strade della zona industriale di Guspini fossero intitolate alle donne. Donne pioniere – spiega l’imprenditrice – che hanno aperto la strada ad altre donne e al pensiero di tutti. Avevo perso la speranza: da oggi è realtà”.

      Spazio dunque alle nuove intitolazioni con le strade della zona industriale dedicate a Margherita Hack, la signora delle stelle; Elena Valentini Luzzato, prima italiana a laurearsi in architettura; Francesca Sanna Sulis, pioniera del commercio la cui seta, nel ‘700, varcò i confini dell’Isola; Pasqua Selis Zua, pasionaria ribelle che nel 1868 guidò la rivolta di Su Connotu; Eva Mameli Calvino, madre di Italo, prima donna a conseguire nel 1915 la libera docenza all’Università; Maria Lai, artista d’eccezione che con i suoi fili di stoffa celeste legò tutte le porte del suo paese, Ulassai, per ben 27 chilometri: la sua fu la prima opera di Arte relazione a livello mondiale.

      https://www.sardiniapost.it/cronaca/strade-di-guspini-intitolate-alle-donne-la-zona-industriale-sara-al-fem

    • “Il terzo paesaggio del Comune di Guspini primo in Italia in qualificazione per la medicina forestale. Daniela Ducato ideatrice del progetto” In evidenza

      Abbassamento della glicemia, aumento della concentrazione e dell’attenzione, rilassamento mentale e liberazione dai pensieri ricorrenti (rimuginio, ruminazione mentale) attivazione dei processi che contrastano l’insonnia, riequilibrio del tono dell’umore, stimolazione del sistema psiconeuroendrocrino e immunitario. Sono solo alcuni dei benefici certificati della medicina forestale con le immersioni a contatto con la natura guidati dal personale specializzato per trarre beneficio per la salute. E l’isola rappresenta il luogo ideale grazie ai suoi territori che contano oltre duemila specie spontanee e ai suoli millenari. Guspini in particolare fa un passo in avanti. Il suo terzo paesaggio è il primo in Italia in fase di qualificazione per la medicina forestale quale luogo idoneo alla prevenzione e alla promozione della salute grazie al Comune di Guspini con la sua referente e ideatrice del progetto Daniela Ducato, nota innovatrice green, prima specializzata in Sardegna in medicina forestale. La medicina forestale esiste da 40 anni ed è nata in Giappone da un team di ricerca di medici immunologi con suo ideatore l’immunologo Qing Li. Si tratta di una medicina integrativa per gli effetti vantaggiosi per la salute fisica e mentale, ed è già da molti anni presente nel servizio sanitario nazionale di diversi paesi del mondo come Canada, Danimarca, Scozia, Corea, Cina ecc. Questa tipologia di prevenzione oltre allo straordinario potenziale salutistico offre un importante risparmio economico stimato intorno all’8% di PIL mondiale per l’apporto prezioso sulla salute fisica e mentale di chi con assiduità si immerge in foresta. Con terzo paesaggio l’agronomo francese Gilles Clément, nel 2003 definì i luoghi marginali naturali, aree dismesse o abbandonate dall’uomo, dove spesso la natura si riprende il suo spazio, ex aree industriali ma anche spazi verdi più piccoli come i suoli urbani e di periferia. L’Italia detiene il triste primato europeo per consumo di suolo con di 2,4 metri quadri al secondo. Ed è Il terzo paesaggio, il primo ad essere cementificato, asfaltato, trasformato in discarica, maltrattato prima di tutto nell’immaginario collettivo che lo considera suolo inutile, degradato legittimandone così abusi e distruzione. L’impermeabilizzazione del suolo ritorna alla ribalta solo in caso di disastri e allagamenti. Dopo l’emergenza cala il silenzio. Il terzo paesaggio può invece diventare un’opportunità straordinaria di prevenzione della salute, addirittura una risorsa sanitaria e di benessere in ogni stagione? La risposta è sì se si mettono insieme ricerca, conoscenza e divulgazione scientifica, animazione e cura del territorio, ed azioni di prevenzione e di economia green senza consumo di suolo.

      Ed è ciò che è avvenuto a Guspini con l’attuale fase di qualificazione di medicina forestale, una delle azioni all’interno di un articolato progetto sul terzo paesaggio ideato da Daniela Ducato ed un team di ricerca scientifica con il Comune di Guspini già certificato pesticide free, l’A.I.Me.F. (associazione Italiana di medicina forestale) in collaborazione con associazioni come la Confcommercio Green, privati, ordini professionali, realtà e progetti di innovazione e Università. Per le sue caratteristiche la Sardegna rappresenta un luogo di eccellenza per la Medicina forestale. Non solo le foreste ma anche il terzo paesaggio non più bistrattato ma valorizzato come dimostra Guspini prima in Italia in fase di validazione come risorsa di prevenzione medica. Inaugurando con il terzo paesaggio una assoluta novità in ambito nazionale ed internazionale.

      «A Guspini, per la prima volta in Italia, abbiamo iniziato la qualificazione di aree urbane caratterizzate dal Terzo Paesaggio, come luoghi idonei alla prevenzione e alla promozione della

      salute». Annuncia con soddisfazione il medico Paolo Zavarella presidente e fondatore dell’associazione italiana di medicina forestale il cui comitato scientifico è diretto da Giovanna Borriello neurologa e responsabile del centro di riferimento per la Sclerosi Multipla dell Ospedale San Pietro Fatebenefratelli di Roma, Responsabile del Centro di ricerca clinica applicata alla Sclerosi Multipla del NCL Istituto di Neuroscienze di Roma. “L’A.I.Me.F. Associazione Italiana di Medicina Forestale nasce per portare anche in Italia ricerca, esperienze e formazione sulla Medicina Forestale, facilitando il processo di Riconoscimento Sanitario, in modo da farla diventare una importante pratica di salute all’interno del servizio sanitario nazionale prescrivibile dai medici, come già oggi accade con la Medicina Termale”, aggiunge Zavarella, “ la corretta immersione è in grado di aumentare del 50%, in modo stabile e sostenuto nel tempo, il numero delle Cellule NK (Natural Killer) che sono i linfociti o globuli bianchi presenti nel sistema immunitario umano e animale, strategicamente deputate al riconoscimento e alla eliminazione delle cellule tumorali e infette da virus. Aumentano, con risultati stabili per settimane, anche altre sostanze preziose in campo immunitario (endorfine, interferone, oppioidi endogeni), aumenta la serotonina (ormone della tranquillità), aumenta l’ossitocina (ormone della felicità) mentre si riduce l’attività del cortisolo e del sistema ortosimpatico (attivi nello stress)”. Sempre i dati certificati Aimef riportano anche immersioni più brevi (almeno un’ora per almeno tre volte settimanali) portano i seguenti benefici: Aumento della concentrazione e dell’attenzione, migliore stabilizzazione dell’umore, un aumento fino al 50% della capacità di problem solving, minore produzione di ormoni degli stress, contribuzione al regolarizzare la pressione arteriosa e la frequenza cardiaca, contribuzione a gestire la depressione e gli stati d’ansia, aumento dell’attività del sistema nervoso parasimpatico, miglioramento della funzione psichica, delle prestazioni mnesico-attentive, aumento fino al 40% dell’attività dei linfociti NK, anche detti cellule natural killer, fondamentali nella difesa naturale contro virus e malattie.

      Daniela Ducato ideatrice del progetto è anche la prima in Sardegna, specializzata Aimef in medicina forestale con la tesi: “il terzo paesaggio come risorsa sanitaria per una urbanistica della salute. I bias cognitivi nella perdita di suolo e di salute. I benefici del non consumare ma del restituire suolo. L’esempio del Comune di Guspini certificato pesticida free e in qualificazione di idoneità per la Medicina Forestale per la prevenzione e la promozione della salute.”

      “Il terzo paesaggio non va abusato asfaltato ma ritrovato attraverso la consapevolezza e la scienza”, spiega la Ducato, “nel suolo c’è la nostra salute, la nostra farmacia a cielo aperto. E nella restituzione di suolo e non nel suo consumo c’è il nostro futuro biologico. Nel terzo paesaggio l’assenza umana genera spesso un inaspettato rifugio per il ripristino e la conservazione della biodiversità. Il suolo con le sue piante spontanee è elemento privilegiato dell’equilibrio ecologico e al contempo favorisce la salute umana anche attraverso il rilascio di molecole volatili. Per una efficace immersione è importante avere la guida di figure specializzate facilitatrici di medicina forestale quindi conoscitrici dei metodi e dei luoghi più idonei per una corretta balneazione. Ad esempio l’iter di qualificazione di Guspini, realizzata da esperti e medici AIMEF, in una delle sue fasi con la raccolta dei parametri biometrici del campione di partecipanti, si è svolta in una zona urbana di terzo paesaggio ricca di piante spontanee il cui entourage di molecole volatili si caratterizza, proprio in questa stagione, per l’importante proprietà immunomodulante, quindi di aiuto per il sistema immunitario”.

      Aggiunge Zavarella “Le piante emettono preziose molecole studiate e classificate come B-VOC (Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds: Composti Organici Volatili di Origine Biogenica). Nel tempo, moltissime molecole di origine vegetale sono state isolate, tracciate, purificate, brevettate e riprodotte per sintesi chimica in laboratorio e costituiscono la maggior parte dei farmaci oggi conosciuti (95%). Importante ritornare ad immergersi in quelle molecole vegetali che hanno plasmato la nostra “fisiologia cellulare”.

      IL SUOLO RISORSA STRATEGICA INFRASTRUTTURA VERDE

      Gli eventi estremi di cambiamento climatico ci indicano che non si può più cancellare il suolo occorre mantenerlo facendone risorsa strategica. Così come ha fatto, in innumerevoli azioni green, il Comune di Guspini: dalla toponomastica femminile della zona industriale alle infrastrutture digitale e ai servizi per consentire smart working e uffici verdi tra gli alberi, e molto altro grazie al lavoro di tutti gli assessorati, ha restituito identità, immaginario, valore e abitabilità al terzo paesaggio come dono di salute orientando ad un sano sviluppo economico senza consumo di suolo. Guspini cittadina del Medio Campidano della Sardegna ha ottenuto la certificazione pesticide free, primo Comune al mondo ad avere esteso la sua certificazione all’area industriale e al terzo paesaggio.

      Marcello Serru ingegnere ambientale vicesindaco di Guspini e assessore all’Ambiente ha spiegato che: “Il terzo paesaggio di Guspini in percorso di validazione come Forest Bathing Center con i suoi bagni forestali anche in ambiente urbano è una preziosa opportunità di salute offerta dal nostro Comune e ne premia l’impegno costante nel tempo. Ne è dimostrazione la vegetazione arborea messa a dimora negli ultimi 8 anni con oltre 2000 nuove piante della macchia mediterranea tra centro urbano e territorio comunale con le aree del terzo paesaggio”.

      Il lavoro sul recupero del terzo paesaggio iniziato a Guspini circa 30 anni fa, diventa poi base di ricerca già dal 2022 anche grazie al progetto EquiliBio con Federico Ortenzi per la parte di bioacustica vegetale, diretto dal professore Andreas Macchia con la redazione di Luigi Campanella già professore ordinario di chimica dell’ambiente e dei beni culturali presso l’Università La Sapienza di Roma, e in collaborazione con INGV Istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia diretto dal professore Carlo Doglioni. È poi proseguito nella direzione della medicina forestale con il percorso di qualificazione AIMEF e con la parte di coordinamento tecnico scientifico e di elaborazione dei dati ecosistemici affidati ad Alberto Musa nella sua doppia veste di biologo naturalista ed apicoltore. Nel progetto è centrale la multidisciplinarietà di settori e competenze scientifiche e di attori sociali comprese le associazioni che via via stanno aderendo e gli ordiniprofessionali.

      A far diventare il progetto del terzo paesaggio da sogno a realtà sono state la co-progettazione e le risorse finanziarie donate da Iole Garau di Guspini, ex insegnate di lettere da molti anni in pensione, conoscitrice del territorio sardo, tra i fondatori dello storico gruppo archeologico Neapolis. Ha selezionato diversi progetti per valutare quello più meritevole a cui destinare sia una parte dei suoi risparmi sia il suo contributo di ideazione e competenze. Ha scelto il progetto proposto da Daniela Ducato quale referente del Comune di Guspini intitolato “Dalle città invisibili al terzo paesaggio come risorsa sanitaria per una urbanistica della salute” il cui titolo è anche omaggio a Italo Calvino.Tra le molteplici motivazioni della scelta c’è “la sua valenza nel dare alla salute il ruolo di priorità per generare un nuovo approccio educativo, culturale, economico”. Partire dalle risorse del terzo paesaggio. Da quelle città invisibili che oggi a Guspini diventano visibili e salutari.”

      https://www.vivilasardegna.com/turismo/item/1250-il-terzo-paesaggio-del-comune-di-guspini-primo-in-italia-in-qua

  • How European countries wrongfully classify children seeking asylum as adults

    Thousands of children seeking protection in Greece, Italy, and the UK have likely been registered as adults – a failure with serious consequences.

    In July 2015, a Gambian teenager named Omar boarded a dinghy in Libya and crossed the Mediterranean Sea. Hours after landing in Italy, he was accused of steering the boat and arrested for people smuggling – a charge levelled against many asylum seekers and migrants attempting to reach Europe.

    Omar, whose name has been changed to protect his identity, told Italian authorities that he was 16 – a minor. But they didn’t believe him and X-rayed his hand and wrist to determine his age. Based on the results of the medical exam, authorities determined Omar was over 18.

    The exam that was used can have a margin of error of over two years, and many medical organisations believe it to be inaccurate. But it is still administered in numerous European countries.

    Omar was sent to Pagliarelli prison, the largest adult carceral facility in Sicily, to await trial. After months being there, he was able to connect with a lawyer, Cinzia Pecoraro, who had successfully defended other detainees facing smuggling charges.

    “You could see from his face he was a child,” Pecoraro, reflecting on her first visit to see Omar, told Solomon. “You can’t stay here,” she remembers telling him.

    But by the time Pecοraro was able to prove Omar was a minor, he had already spent a year in adult prison. Nearly a decade later, “he remains traumatised,” Pecoraro said. “He stutters, and he’s afraid of everything.”

    Omar’s case isn’t isolated. Solomon and The New Humanitarian spent more than six months investigating the wrongful classification of asylum seeking minors as adults in Greece, Italy, and the UK, speaking to over 30 lawyers, doctors, and human rights advocates, and analysing court documents and reports. The reporting showed that:

    - Unaccompanied children seeking asylum in all three countries have been repeatedly classified as adults, including by border security force officials who sometimes arbitrarily decided the age of asylum seekers;

    - The assessment systems that are used to determine people’s ages are unreliable, poorly implemented, and often violate the legal rights of children;

    - And that systemic issues – including a lack of qualified interpreters – makes it difficult for children who are wrongfully qualified as adults to appeal their cases.

    ‘Consequences can be disastrous‘

    Every year, tens of thousands of children undertake dangerous journeys to Europe on their own, often in search of safety or to reunite with relatives. In 2023, more than 41,500 unaccompanied children applied for asylum in EU countries.

    Over the past decade, that number has ebbed and flowed, along with the overall number of asylum seekers reaching Europe, from a low of around 13,500 in 2020 to a high of nearly 92,000 in 2015. In the UK, out of around 75,000 asylum applications submitted last fiscal year (ending in October), around 4,600 came from unaccompanied minors.

    It is difficult to know how many children have been wrongfully classified as adults because many cases are never documented.

    Italy does not collect data on the number of age classification cases that have been challenged and overturned. Numerous requests by Solomon and The New Humanitarian to the Greek Ministry of Migration and Asylum for data have gone unanswered. A document provided by the ministry to the Greek parliament, however, said that, between the end of April 2021 and the end of March 2023, there were 1,024 age dispute cases. In 37% of these cases, the people involved were found to be children.

    Meanwhile, in the UK, between the start of 2020 and September 2023, there were 9,681 age dispute cases. In 55% of these, the people were found to be children.

    The stakes for children when are high. Obtaining an accurate age assessment can make the difference between having access to shelter or being forced to live on the streets and between gaining legal status or being deported.

    Like Omar, other children wrongfully classified as adults have been tried in the adult criminal justice system.

    In one high-profile case, six young Afghan asylum seekers were accused of starting the fire that burned down the notorious Moria refugee camp on the Greek island of Lesvos in September 2020. Two of them were already registered as minors. Three of the other four said they were under 18, but were tried as adults after being given an age assessment exam. They were convicted and sentenced to 10-year jail terms.

    Last month, a judge in an appeals case found the three of the defendants who said they were minors were in fact under 18 at the time of the fire and that the age assessment exam they had been given had not followed procedures. The judge declared a mistrial, and the three defendants will now be tried again as minors. They have been released from prison – although they are barred from leaving Greece – as they await their new trial, but only after spending three and a half years in a prison for inmates between the ages of 18 and 25.

    In general, children being incorrectly classified as adults during trials leads to harsher sentences, and time spent in adult prisons increases the likelihood of them being exposed to violence and abuse.

    Outside the criminal justice system, children wrongfully classified as adults are also denied rights, such as access to education, and face bureaucratic barriers to reuniting with family members in other European countries.

    “These consequences can be disastrous,” Monica Mazza, a psychologist based in Turin, Italy and a member of the Italian Society of Migration Medicine, told Solomon. “They can affect [minors] for long periods of their life.”
    ‘There’s bias built into the system’

    The problem of minors being classified as adults is a symptom of often overburdened and under-resourced asylum systems in EU countries and the UK, according to some of the experts Solomon spoke to.

    Governments say that they use age assessments to protect minors and to prevent adults from pretending to be children to try to gain easier access to legal status, protection from deportation, and better services. But some experts say the dysfunction of asylum systems – which in many places (including the UK, Italy, and Greece) are being made increasingly draconian as a strategy to try to deter migration – creates an incentive for some people to try to game the system.

    “If you know that after turning 18 you’re screwed, then you do anything to remain 17 your whole life,” said Nikolaos Gkionakis, a psychologist and co-founder of Babel Day Center, which provides mental health services to asylum seekers and migrants in Athens, Greece.

    At the same time, minors also sometimes claim to be adults, according to lawyers Solomon spoke to, especially when they have relatives in other European countries and want to avoid getting stuck in formal family reunification processes that often move at a glacial pace. “They know they’d end up stuck in a childcare facility,” Rosa Lo Faro, a lawyer who works with asylum seekers and migrants in Catania, Italy, said.

    Underaged girls who are victims of human trafficking are also often forced by traffickers to claim that they are over 18 so they don’t end up in the more robust child protection system. “This is why an accurate age assessment process is important,” Mazza, the Turin-based psychologist, added.

    At best, however, the evaluation methods EU countries and the UK rely on when doubts are raised to determine people’s age have their limitations. At worst, they are fundamentally flawed.

    With hundreds of thousands of people applying for asylum each year, accurately categorising applicants as adults or children, and channelling them into the corresponding system, presents a significant challenge. A few countries (including the UK, Serbia, and Ireland), have relied on visual and biographical age assessments to do this. But many European countries (including Italy and Greece), frequently use medical testing, despite numerous warnings from experts and medical associations that they are inaccurate and unethical.

    “There is no scientific test that can be used to tell you precisely how old a child is in terms of looking at their age for immigration and asylum purposes,” says professor Andew Roland, a consultant in paediatric emergency medicine and officer for child protection at the UK’s Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. “The methods that have been proposed to be used in this age assessment process, the answer that they give is often an age range.”

    One of the most commonly used methods – which was used on Omar – is a bone age assessment done by x-raying the hand and wrist using the Greulich-Pyle atlas. Developed in the 1950s using data gathered from Caucasian children, the test doesn’t take ethnicity or other variables, such as socioeconomic background and nutritional status, into account.

    “It’s important to know that there’s bias built into the system,” Ranit Mishori, a senior medical advisor for Physicians for Human Rights who has written about the inaccuracy of medical age assessments, told Solomon.

    In 2018, the European Society of Pediatric Radiology recommended against using the Greulich-Pyle atlas, as well as other bone measurement methods, as age assessment tests. Despite this, the Greulich-Pyle atlas continues to be widely used.

    In 2019, the World Medical Association (WMA) released a statement recommending that “medical age assessments only be carried out in exceptional cases and only after all non-medical methods have been exhausted”.

    “There is conflicting evidence about the accuracy and reliability of the available methods of age assessment, which may generate significant margins of error,” the statement said.

    Countries like Italy and Greece, however, continue to use medical age assessments as the primary method to determine the age of minors.
    ‘Without observing basic fairness’

    In addition to concerns about the accuracy of tests, authorities often disregard laws on how age assessments are supposed to be conducted.

    In Greece and Italy, medical testing is only supposed to be conducted after a psychosocial assessment by social workers, child psychologists, and neuropsychiatrists. But lawyers and NGO workers said this step is often skipped in both countries.

    In Greece, this is often due to a shortage of qualified professionals. In 2021, for example, age assessments on the island of Lesvos were suspended for six months because of a lack of qualified personnel. During this time, people who said they were minors but were not believed by authorities were placed in tents with hundreds of adults at the reception centre on the island.

    One Afghan asylum seeker who claimed to be 16 was placed in a tent with 180 men where he was threatened with rape before eventually being attacked with a knife in the toilets.

    In Italy, a recent report found that out of 102 local health authorities (the main institutions that conduct age assessments), only 29 implemented a 2017 law aimed at improving the asylum system for children, which included a more comprehensive age assessment procedure involving a social worker and a psychological or neuropsychiatric evaluation. Instead, most still use age assessments that heavily rely on medical exams.

    In addition to the Greulich-Pyle atlas, Italy is one of several countries – including Germany, Austria, and Croatia – that still uses highly intrusive sexual maturation genital exams to determine age. “A minor can decide not to do it, but he could be declared over eighteen,” Alice Argento, an Italian immigration lawyer, said.

    In the UK, where authorities have relied almost exclusively on visual and psychosocial age assessments in recent years, issues have still arisen.

    On 14 December 2020, an asylum seeker – who is referred to as MA in court documents – arrived in the UK in the back of a lorry after being separated from his mother. Police picked him up at a gas station in the middle of the night after he asked for help. His age assessment happened at noon the following day. Lasting just 42 minutes, the assessment concluded he was 20 years-old – despite his claims that he was 16.

    “I had only just arrived and I was very tired and so I was not certain of what happened or what was said,” MA said in a witness statement. “The interpreter was there, but they were only on the phone and there was no one there to look out for me, just the two people who were asking me many questions. It was a very difficult experience.”

    MA ended up spending three days in an immigration removal centre before being sent to an accommodation for adult asylum seekers. According to his lawyers, he wasn’t given a copy of his age assessment or made aware that he could challenge the result.

    In June 2022, a High Court judge noted that MA had been given an age assessment that was unlawful. “Hundreds of children were subject to this guidance and age disputed under a truncated process that operated without observing basic fairness or providing young people with an appropriate adult,” MA’s lawyers said in a statement.
    ‘Life changing implications’

    Under a legal principle called favor minoris (favouring the minor) international law requires that asylum seekers who declare themselves to be under 18 should be treated as minors until their age can be confirmed. This principle is often disregarded.

    In Greece, for example, children spent months stranded in camps for adults. “Through correspondence with the authorities, we found out that the presumption to minority was not applied in cases where minors who were wrongly registered as adults were waiting for the age assessment results,” said Dimitra Linardaki, who works with the NGO Fenix.

    In Italy, “there is no favor minoris”, immigration lawyer Nicola Datena said. Instead of being protected, children are often left at the mercy of a system that questions them, he added.

    Unaccompanied minors often don’t know that they can challenge an age misclassification, and they struggle to access quality legal representation. The onus for overturning an incorrect age classification is almost entirely on the children, according to experts. And lawyers in Italy said that authorities sometimes intentionally register minors as adults to allow them to be deported. The Italian Ministry of Interior has not responded to The New Humanitarian’s request for comment on this allegation.

    As political attitudes toward migration in Europe continue to shift rightward, there is little sign of governments being interested in improving or replacing current age assessment systems, despite the clearly documented problems. In fact, in the UK, as part of its efforts to crack down on migration, the government has announced that it intends to introduce medical age testing.

    While the flaws in current approaches are apparent, the question remains: what would a better system look like?

    Some medical associations advocate for the use of multiple assessment tools, combining psychosocial and medical exams that involve X-rays and CT scans. But other medical experts worry about the risks associated with exposing children to radiation. “You have to balance the risks of these exams with the benefits. And all this radiation really kind of gives me a pause,” said Mishori from Physicians for Human Rights.

    “These decisions that have been taken have absolutely life changing implications for some of the most vulnerable young people in our society,” said Roland, from the UK’s Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. “To base some of those decisions on unspecific scientific outcomes, to expose those young people to radiation – it really is not ethically acceptable; it’s not scientifically robust.”

    Overall, the flaws in age assessment systems are reflective of the problems within European asylum systems as a whole, lawyers, researchers, and migration experts said. With the focus on reducing migration rather than providing people protection, “what’s missing is the willingness to do a good job,” Argento said.

    https://wearesolomon.com/mag/focus-area/migration/how-european-countries-wrongfully-classify-children-seeking-asylum-as-
    #enfants #enfance #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Grèce #Italie #UK #Angleterre #âge #MNA #mineurs_non_accompagnés #test #test_osseux #estimation

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    sur les tests osseux pour déterminer l’âge, voir aussi :
    – la position de la Société Suisse de Pédiatrie : https://asile.ch/2017/05/29/position-de-societe-suisse-de-pediatrie-determination-de-lage-jeunes-migrants
    – la position des Sociétés Suisses de Radiologie Pédiatrique (SSRP) ainsi que d’Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatriques (SSEDP) : https://asile.ch/2016/09/01/paediatrica-lage-osseux-ne-permet-de-determiner-lage-jeunes-requerants-dasile