• Unspoken
      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RUFHE3FQ60

      I’ve never really spoken ‘bout it at all
      I kept it to myself through it all
      But then there wasn’t really all that much to say
      And I wouldn’t want to hurt you anyway

      No more the flying flags, the marching bands
      No white feather proffered from a fairer hand
      And after all there wasn’t that much to say
      And I wouldn’t want to hurt you anyway

      No more the pear drop drifts of choking cloud
      No more the goodnight kiss in a dead man’s ground
      It’s all forgotten now

      Generations come, generations go
      I kept it all inside didn’t let it show
      And after all there wasn’t that much to say
      And I wouldn’t want to hurt you anyway
      I wouldn’t want to hurt you anyway

      #Greg_Harper #musique #chanson #guerre #silence

    • For King & for Country

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bb4TJ0OnU0A&t=78s

      Seemed a good idea when I signed on the line
      We’d be home by Christmas have a really good time
      Well wouldn’t you give it a try?
      ‘Stead of workin’ underground you’d be safe and dry

      For king and for country up went the shout
      Now we cower in trenches riddled with doubt
      Try to exist in the muck and the mire
      While our pals lay silent, there on the wire

      So I’m diggin’ for my country
      Diggin’ to survive
      Diggin’ for the king three cheers
      I’m diggin’ for my life

      Now we’re forty feet down quite as mice
      Frozen by fear blood feels like ice
      Shells raining down high overhead
      Every tremor and scream rewakens the dead

      So I’m diggin’ for my country
      Diggin’ to survive
      Diggin’ for the king three cheers
      I’m diggin’ for my life

      Seemed a good idea when I signed on the line
      We’d be home by Christmas have a really good time

      #guerre #chanson #musique #musique_et_politique #Greg_Harper

  • Cycling is ten times more important than electric cars for reaching net-zero cities

    Globally, only one in 50 new cars were fully electric in 2020, and one in 14 in the UK. Sounds impressive, but even if all new cars were electric now, it would still take 15-20 years to replace the world’s fossil fuel car fleet.

    The emission savings from replacing all those internal combustion engines with zero-carbon alternatives will not feed in fast enough to make the necessary difference in the time we can spare: the next five years. Tackling the climate and air pollution crises requires curbing all motorised transport, particularly private cars, as quickly as possible. Focusing solely on electric vehicles is slowing down the race to zero emissions.

    This is partly because electric cars aren’t truly zero-carbon – mining the raw materials for their batteries, manufacturing them and generating the electricity they run on produces emissions.

    Transport is one of the most challenging sectors to decarbonise due to its heavy fossil fuel use and reliance on carbon-intensive infrastructure – such as roads, airports and the vehicles themselves – and the way it embeds car-dependent lifestyles. One way to reduce transport emissions relatively quickly, and potentially globally, is to swap cars for cycling, e-biking and walking – active travel, as it’s called.

    Active travel is cheaper, healthier, better for the environment, and no slower on congested urban streets. So how much carbon can it save on a daily basis? And what is its role in reducing emissions from transport overall?

    In new research, colleagues and I reveal that people who walk or cycle have lower carbon footprints from daily travel, including in cities where lots of people are already doing this. Despite the fact that some walking and cycling happens on top of motorised journeys instead of replacing them, more people switching to active travel would equate to lower carbon emissions from transport on a daily and trip-by-trip basis.
    What a difference a trip makes

    We observed around 4,000 people living in London, Antwerp, Barcelona, Vienna, Orebro, Rome and Zurich. Over a two-year period, our participants completed 10,000 travel diary entries which served as records of all the trips they made each day, whether going to work by train, taking the kids to school by car or riding the bus into town. For each trip, we calculated the carbon footprint.

    Strikingly, people who cycled on a daily basis had 84% lower carbon emissions from all their daily travel than those who didn’t.

    We also found that the average person who shifted from car to bike for just one day a week cut their carbon footprint by 3.2kg of CO₂ – equivalent to the emissions from driving a car for 10km, eating a serving of lamb or chocolate, or sending 800 emails.

    When we compared the life cycle of each travel mode, taking into account the carbon generated by making the vehicle, fuelling it and disposing of it, we found that emissions from cycling can be more than 30 times lower for each trip than driving a fossil fuel car, and about ten times lower than driving an electric one.

    We also estimate that urban residents who switched from driving to cycling for just one trip per day reduced their carbon footprint by about half a tonne of CO₂ over the course of a year, and save the equivalent emissions of a one-way flight from London to New York. If just one in five urban residents permanently changed their travel behaviour in this way over the next few years, we estimate it would cut emissions from all car travel in Europe by about 8%.

    Nearly half of the fall in daily carbon emissions during global lockdowns in 2020 came from reductions in transport emissions. The pandemic forced countries around the world to adapt to reduce the spread of the virus. In the UK, walking and cycling have been the big winners, with a 20% rise in people walking regularly, and cycling levels increasing by 9% on weekdays and 58% on weekends compared to pre-pandemic levels. This is despite cycle commuters being very likely to work from home.

    Active travel has offered an alternative to cars that keeps social distancing intact. It has helped people to stay safe during the pandemic and it could help reduce emissions as confinement is eased, particularly as the high prices of some electric vehicles are likely to put many potential buyers off for now.

    So the race is on. Active travel can contribute to tackling the climate emergency earlier than electric vehicles while also providing affordable, reliable, clean, healthy and congestion-busting transportation.

    https://theconversation.com/cycling-is-ten-times-more-important-than-electric-cars-for-reaching
    #vélo #cyclisme #voitures_électriques #villes #urban_matter #transport

  • #Green_Border

    Ayant fui la guerre, une famille syrienne entreprend un éprouvant périple pour rejoindre la Suède. A la frontière entre le Belarus et la Pologne, synonyme d’entrée dans l’Europe, ils se retrouvent embourbés avec des dizaines d’autres familles, dans une zone marécageuse, à la merci de militaires aux méthodes violentes. Ils réalisent peu à peu qu’ils sont les otages malgré eux d’une situation qui les dépasse, où chacun - garde-frontières, activistes humanitaires, population locale - tente de jouer sa partition

    https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Border
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ufcsLA7xow


    #frontières #Biélorussie #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Pologne #forêt #mourir_aux_frontières #violence #push-backs #refoulements #instrumentalisation_de_la_migration #zone_frontalière #film #cinéma #Agnieszka_Holland #solidarité #marécage #zone_interdite #état_d'urgence #zone_d'exclusion

    –---
    ajouté à la métaliste autour de la création de zones frontalières (au lieu de lignes de frontière) en vue de refoulements ou autres pratiques de contrôles migratoires :
    https://seenthis.net/messages/795053

  • Move to sustainable food systems could bring $10tn benefits a year, study finds

    Existing production destroys more value than it creates due to medical and environmental costs, researchers say

    A shift towards a more sustainable global food system could create up to $10tn (£7.9tn) of benefits a year, improve human health and ease the climate crisis, according to the most comprehensive economic study of its type.

    It found that existing food systems destroyed more value than they created due to hidden environmental and medical costs, in effect, borrowing from the future to take profits today.

    Food systems drive a third of global greenhouse gas emissions, putting the world on course for 2.7C of warming by the end of the century. This creates a vicious cycle, as higher temperatures bring more extreme weather and greater damage to harvests.

    Food insecurity also puts a burden on medical systems. The study predicted a business-as-usual approach would leave 640 million people underweight by 2050, while obesity would increase by 70%.

    Redirecting the food system would be politically challenging but bring huge economic and welfare benefits, said the international team of authors behind the study, which aims to be the food equivalent of the Stern review, the 2006 examination of the costs of climate change.

    Johan Rockström, of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research and one of the study’s authors, said: “The global food system holds the future of humanity on Earth in its hand.”

    The study proposes a shift of subsidies and tax incentives away from destructive large-scale monocultures that rely on fertilisers, pesticides and forest clearance. Instead, financial incentives should be directed towards smallholders who could turn farms into carbon sinks with more space for wildlife.

    A change of diet is another key element, along with investment in technologies to enhance efficiency and cut emissions.

    With less food insecurity, the report says, undernutrition could be eradicated by 2050, with 174 million fewer premature deaths, and 400 million farm workers able to earn a sufficient income. The proposed transition would help to limit global heating to 1.5C above pre-industrial levels and halve nitrogen run-offs from agriculture.

    Overall, they estimate the costs of the transformation at between 0.2% and 0.4% of global GDP per year.

    In early research, Rockström and his colleagues found food was the largest sector of the economy breaching planetary boundaries. As well at the climate impact, it is a major driver of land-use change and biodiversity decline, and is responsible for 70% of freshwater drawdown.

    The report was produced by the Food System Economics Commission, which has been formed by the Potsdam Institute, the Food and Land Use Coalition, and EAT, a holistic food-system coalition of the Stockholm Resilience Centre, the Wellcome Trust and the Strawberry Foundation. Academic partners include the University of Oxford and the London School of Economics.

    It estimated the hidden costs of food, including climate change, human health, nutrition and natural resources, at $15tn, and created a new model to project how these hidden costs could develop over time, depending on humanity’s ability to change. Their calculations were in line with a report last year by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, which estimated off-books agrifood costs at more than $10trillion globally in 2020.

    Dr Steven Lord, of the University of Oxford’s Environmental Change Institute, said in a statement: “This analysis puts a first figure on the regional and global economic opportunity in transforming food systems. While not easy, the transformation is affordable on a global scale and the accumulating costs into the future of doing nothing pose a considerable economic risk.”

    Numerous other studies have demonstrated the health and climate benefits of a shift towards a plant-based diet. A report last year by the Climate Observatory notes that Brazil’s beef industry – and its related deforestation – now has a bigger carbon footprint than all the cars, factories, air conditioners, electric gadgets and other sources of emissions in Japan.

    The new study is not prescriptive about vegetarianism, but Rockström said demand for beef and most other meat would fall if hidden health and environmental costs were included in the price.

    Nicholas Stern, the chair of the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment at the London School of Economics, welcomed the study: “The economics of today’s food system are, sadly, broken beyond repair. Its so-called ‘hidden costs’ are harming our health and degrading our planet, while also worsening global inequalities. Changing the ways we produce and consume food will be critical to tackling climate change, protecting biodiversity, and building a better future. It is time for radical change.”

    The main challenge of the proposed food transition is that costs of food would rise. Rockström said this would have to be handled with political dexterity and support for poor sections of society otherwise the result could be protests, such as the gilets jaunes (yellow vests) demonstrations held in France over petrol price hikes.

    Christiana Figueres, the former executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, emphasised the forward-looking nature of the report: “This research … proves that a different reality is possible, and shows us what it would take to turn the food system into a net carbon sink by 2040. This opportunity should capture the attention of any policymaker who wants to secure a healthier future for the planet and for people.”

    https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2024/jan/29/sustainable-food-production-economic-benefits-study?CMP=share_btn_tw

    #système_alimentaire #alimentation #agriculture #coût #bénéfices #économie #agriculture_biologique #

    • The Economics of the Food System Transformation

      The text emphasizes the urgent need for a transformation of food systems, highlighting the economic, environmental, and social benefits of such a transformation. It outlines the negative impacts of current food systems on health, the environment, and climate change, identifying unaccounted costs estimated at 15 trillion USD a year. The report also discusses the unsustainable trajectory of the global food system and the potential economic benefits of a transformation, estimating them to be worth 5 to 10 trillion USD a year.

      Proposed Solutions for Food System Transformation:

      1. Shifting consumption patterns towards healthy diets: The report suggests regulating the marketing of unhealthy foods to children, providing front-of-pack nutritional guidance, targeting public food procurement on healthy options, taxing sugar-sweetened beverages and unhealthy foods, and reformulating packaged food to encourage healthier dietary choices.

      2. Resetting incentives by repurposing government support for agriculture: It is recommended to repurpose subsidies to improve access to healthy diets and make them more affordable. This involves reforming agricultural support to incentivize choices in line with the goals of the food system transformation, with a focus on lowering the hidden costs of food systems.

      3. Targeting revenue from new taxes to support food system transformation: The report recommends taxing carbon and nitrogen pollution to help achieve positive outcomes and align with expert recommendations from bodies such as the IPCC and OECD. Designing new taxes to suit the local context and targeting resulting revenues towards direct and progressive benefits for poorer households is essential to ensure inclusive outcomes and garner political support for a food system transformation.

      4. Innovating to increase labor productivity and workers’ livelihood opportunities: Public institutions can accelerate the development and diffusion of innovations that meet the needs of poorer producers and remove barriers to their adoption. Priority areas for public research and innovation include improving plant breeding, supporting environmentally sustainable, biodiversity-friendly, and low-emission farming systems, and developing digital technologies useful to small farmers.

      5. Scaling-up safety nets to keep food affordable for the poorest: Developing and strengthening safety nets is crucial to making food system transformations inclusive and politically feasible. Countries should prioritize targeting limited transfer resources on children’s nutritional needs and mobilizing more resources to put in place comprehensive safety nets.

      Additionally, the report addresses various tensions and obstacles in transforming food systems, highlighting the need to manage concerns such as fears of food price rises, job losses, policy siloes, global inequalities, and entrenched vested interests. It emphasizes the importance of addressing these concerns to facilitate change and ensure that the benefits of food system transformation can be realized. The report also highlights the rising visibility of transforming food systems as a policy priority, as well as the new ambition to seize the opportunities offered by such transformation, as evidenced by the COP28 UAE declaration on Sustainable Agriculture, Resilient Food Systems, and Climate Action signed by over 150 countries.

      https://knowledge4policy.ec.europa.eu/publication/economics-food-system-transformation_en
      https://foodsystemeconomics.org/wp-content/uploads/FSEC-Global_Policy_Report.pdf
      #rapport #coûts_cachés #pauvreté

  • Greece is planning a €40m automated surveillance system at borders with North Macedonia and Albania

    The European Commission wants Greece to build an automated wall to prevent some people from leaving the country. Locals are not enthusiastic, but their opinion counts for little.
    Many people holding Syrian, Afghan, Somalian, Bangladeshi or Pakistani passports seeking asylum in the European Union move out of Greece when they have the feeling that their administrative situation will not improve there. The route to other EU countries through the Balkans starts in northern Greece, onward to either North Macedonia or Albania. Greek police, it is said, are quite relaxed about people leaving the country.

    “We have many people who pass our area who want to go to Europe,” says Konstantinos Sionidis, the mayor of Paionia, a working-class municipality of 30,000 at Greece’s northern border. “It’s not a pleasant situation for us,” he adds.

    But leaving via Paionia is getting more difficult. In May 2023, Frontex guards started patrolling at North Macedonia’s border. Near the highway, one young woman from Sierra Leone said she and her friend tried to leave four times in the past month. Once, they got as far as the Serbian border. The other times, they were arrested immediately in North Macedonia at night, coming out of the forest, by Frontex officers asking “Do you want to go to Germany?” (No.) “They don’t want us here [in Greece],” she says. “Let us go!”

    However, the European Commission has plans to make it harder for people to travel through North Macedonia (and other parts of the Western Balkan route). According to a national programming document for the 2021 - 2027 EU “border management” funding for Greek authorities, €47m are budgeted to build an “automated border surveillance system” at Greece’s borders with North Macedonia and Albania. The new system shall explicitly be modeled on the one already deployed at the land border with Türkiye, along the Evros river.
    The virtual border wall

    Evros is described as a surveillance “testing ground.” (https://www.dw.com/en/is-greece-failing-to-deploy-eu-funded-surveillance-system-at-turkish-border-as-intended/a-63055306) In the early 2000s, police used thermal cameras and binoculars to spot people attempting to cross the border. As Greece and other Member-States increased their efforts to keep people out of the EU, more funding came in for drones, heartbeat detectors, more border guards – and for an “automated border surveillance system.”

    In 2021, the Greek government unveiled dozens of surveillance towers, equipped with cameras, radars and heat sensors. Officials claimed these would be able to alert regional police stations when detecting people approaching the border. At the time, media outlets raved about this 24-hour “electronic shield” (https://www.kathimerini.gr/society/561551092/ilektroniki-aspida-ston-evro-se-leitoyrgia-kameres-kai-rantar) that would “seal” (https://www.staratalogia.gr/2021/10/blog-post_79.html#google_vignette) Evros with cameras that can see “up to 15 km” into Türkiye (https://meaculpa.gr/stithikan-oi-pylones-ston-evro-oi-kamer).

    Greece is not the first country to buy into the vision of automated, omnipotent border surveillance. The German Democratic Republic installed automated rifles near the border with West-Germany, for instance. But the origin of the current trend towards automated borders lies in the United States. In the 1970s, sensors originally built for deployment in Vietnam were installed at the Mexican border. Since then, “the relationship between surveillance and law enforcement has been one between salespeople and officers who are not experts,” says Dave Maas, an investigator at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. “Somebody buys surveillance towers, leaves office and three administrations later, people are like: ‘Hey, this did not deliver as promised’, and then the new person is like: ‘Well I wasn’t the one who paid for it, so here is my next idea’.”

    At the US-Mexico border, the towers are “like a scarecrow,” says Geoff Boyce, who used to direct the Earlham College Border Studies Program in Arizona. His research showed that, in cases where migrants could see the towers, they took longer, more dangerous routes to avoid detection. “People are dying outside the visual range of the towers.”

    No data is available that would hint that the Greek system is different. While the Greek government shares little information about the system in Evros, former minister for citizen protection Takis Theodorikakos mentioned it earlier this year in a parliamentary session. He claimed that the border surveillance system in Evros had been used to produce the official statistics for people deterred at the Evros border in 2022 (https://www.astynomia.gr/2023/01/03/03-01-2022-koino-deltio-typou-ypourgeiou-prostasias-tou-politi-kai-ellinik). But thermal cameras, for example, cannot show an exact number of people, or even differentiate people from animals.

    In Evros, the automated border surveillance system was also intended to be used for search-and-rescue missions. Last year, a group of asylum-seekers were stranded on an islet on the Evros river for nearly a month. Deutsche Welle reported that a nearby pylon with heat sensors and cameras should have been able to immediately locate the group. Since then, authorities have continued to be accused of delaying rescue missions.

    “At the border, it is sometimes possible to see people stranded with your own eyes,” says Lena Karamanidou, who has been researching border violence in Evros for decades. “And [they] are saying the cameras that can see up to 15 kilometers into Türkiye can’t see them.”
    Keeping people in

    In contrast to the system in Evros, the aim of the newly planned automated border surveillance systems appears to be to stop people from leaving Greece. Current policing practices there are very different from those at Evros.

    At Greece’s border with North Macedonia, “we’ve heard reports that the police were actively encouraging people to leave the country,” says Manon Louis of the watchdog organization Border Violence Monitoring Network. “In testimonies collected by BVMN, people have reported that the Greek police dropped them off at the Macedonian border.”

    “It’s an open secret,” says Alexander Gkatsis from Open Cultural Center, a nonprofit in the center of Paionia, “everybody in this area knows.”

    Thirty years ago, lots of people came from Albania to Paionia, when there were more jobs in clothing factories and agriculture, many of which are now done by machines. These days, the region is struggling with unemployment and low wages. In 2015, it drew international media attention for hosting the infamous Idomeni camp. Sionidis, the Paionia mayor, says he didn’t know anything about plans for an automated border system until we asked him.

    “The migration policy is decided by the minister of migration in Athens,” says Sionidis. He was also not consulted on Frontex coming to Paionia a few years ago. But he readily admits that his municipality is but one small pawn in a Europe-wide negotiation. “[Brussels and Athens] have to make one decision for the whole European border,” says Sionidis, “If we don’t have the electronic wall here, then we won’t have it at Evros.”

    https://algorithmwatch.org/en/greece-is-planning-a-e40m-automated-surveillance-system-at-borders-w

    #Albanie #Macédoine_du_Nord #frontières #migrations #réfugiés #barrières #fermeture_des_frontières #Grèce #frontières_terrestres #surveillance #contrôles_frontaliers #technologie #complexe_militaro-industriel #Paionia #militarisation_des_frontières #Frontex #border_management #automated_border_surveillance_system #Evros #efficacité #inefficacité #caméra_thermiques #sortie #murs_anti-sortie (comme aux temps de la #guerre_froide)

    • Let It Rain


      https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVl49s8Fn-Q&t=62s

      Born under siege, a place where you can’t leave
      Smoke’s in the air, so it makes it hard to breathe
      I need my family, protect them from the disease
      I went to chase my dreams, hoping that they rescue me

      Made it out the maze, God’s been blessing me
      First time in LA [1], got Gaza next to me
      It’s in my heart, it’s in my veins
      I’ve been smiling at the pain
      The bombs lit up the night sky and turn them into day

      It’s hard to come up with the right rhymes, I don’t know what to say
      I start to cry when I write mine, it happens every day
      A lot of death in my lifetime, all I do is pray
      This is my story from the sideline, this life is not a game

      I want to call my momma, I hope she charged her phone
      Hope my brother’s not alone
      Hope that one day they’ll be grown
      This is genocide, but this time it is televised
      Don’t believe all that you see, cause they’re be telling lies

      I count my blessings, not the problems
      From the bottom, where the robbers acting violent
      Killing toddlers, bombing us with helicopters
      They seeing me on a TV and they calling me the monster?
      That only makes me stronger This is me against the world
      So I’m doing it for the world
      This is me against the world
      So I’m doing it for the world

      I was in the studio, chopping up samples
      Electricity’s off, we sleep with the candles
      Sleeping in our sandals and leave the doors open
      Cause the bombs fall there’s no time to grab the handles

      Writing names on our hands just to identify
      With somebody’s faces off, it makes them hard to recognize
      Been through so many wars, I forgot to mention
      I can calculate the distance of the airplane engine

      You think you’re from the trenches? Nah, these the trenches
      Kids close their eyes and block their ears, they block their senses
      This war is senseless, they treat us like animals
      I’ll never understand why they built the fences I just wanna see my dream of peace to come true
      Refugee in my land, nowhere to run to
      I keep the hope when there was no sunshine
      They cut the water off, so God let it rain sometime

      Chorus

      This is me against the world
      So I’m doing it for the world
      This is me against the world
      So I’m doing it for the world

      #rap #Gaza #musique #chanson #musique_et_politique #génocide #Palestine #Israël #siège #bombardement #pluie #eau #mur

  • Ritratti - #Andrea_Zanzotto


    A partir de la minute 1’06 :

    «Abbiamo anche un’altra definizione della storia, che è quella di Cicerone. La storia, una volta passata, diventa solo mappe, tracce lasciate sulla terra, diventa quindi geografia, e fantasmi, leggende che trascorrono e che mutano e che possono anche essere cambiate. Quindi si può dire che ogni mutazione storica tende a descrivere tutta la storia precedente in funzione di se stessa, e di preparazione al grande evento della sua presenza. (...) Il paesaggio è fondamentale, perché si riempie di segni, di mappe. Noi, di fronte alla storia, siamo sempre inermi, perché solo il paesaggio può restituirci le tracce. (...) Adesso la tecnica serve moltissimo alla ricerca di queste tracce, anche le fotografie fatte dai satelliti mettono in evidenza le rovine di una città. Mentre la tradizione e la storia era stata orale e la descrizione degli eventi veniva alterata a seconda dei bisogni. (...) (E’ apparsa) la storia come historía , nel senso di indagine giornalistica quasi attraverso l’archeologia. Resta comunqua valida sempre l’idea di storia che se non ha mappe che diventano geografia, diventano scrittura sul terreno, quasi in termini alla Derrida, graphi sul terreno, e fantasmi su cui ancorare i nostri ricordi... sulla storia devo concludere in modo antitetico e spaccato: da una parte svalutazione senza le mappe, ma le mappe ci sono. I fantasmi restano e possono diventar leggende. Bisogna invece che cessi la riutilizzazione della storia come opus maxime oratorium di tipo ciceroniano, cioè: rifacciamola perché ci serve a giustificarci adesso. In fondo i fondamentalismi non sono che la cancerosa restituzione della storia di una sua presunta fondazione della realtà di oggi falsificando la storia delle origini. Ogni fondamentalismo cambia la storia delle origini per giustificare quello che sta facendo in questo momento, che in realtà non ha nulla a che fare. Questa sarebbe la funzione deteriore, ultima, da eliminare. Quella invece che deve resistere, è quella che deve resistere attraverso la poesia perché nulla più che la parola vibrante, purché si conosca la lingua» (réponse interrompue par la vidéo, trop courte hélas...)

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uKnXcreM9mA

    Bonus de ce #film :
    Ritratti. Andrea Zanzotto

    L’incontro si sviluppa entro tre nuclei fondamentali di ricerca: la natura, la storia, la lingua. La natura, intesa in un primo momento dal poeta come pensiero al quale rivolgersi in un continuo scambio e risonanza, ed in seguito anche come improvvisa mutazione, cementificazione ed offesa. Andrea Zanzotto ripercorre, poi, i segni fondamentali di quello che è stato detto il secolo dell’ottimismo, secolo che ha visto crescere la fede nella scienza ma anche il collasso di qualsiasi forma di razionalità. La lingua è intesa come scoperta di un viaggio accidentato, segno di un lessico familiare, musica e canti di un paese, ma anche di un andare mendicando di altri linguaggi, ricercare le stratificazioni che li hanno intessuti, un balbettio; sino ad arrivare a quelli che sono i destinatari della poesia ed i luoghi della lettura per riscoprirne la sacralità. Il ritratto è a matita.

    https://www.jolefilm.com/film/andrea-zanzotto

    #traces #histoire #géographie #signes #paysage #fondamentalisme #film #documentaire #interview #film_documentaire

  • Une organisation en #souffrance

    Les Français seraient-ils retors à l’effort, comme le laissent entendre les mesures visant à stigmatiser les chômeurs ? Et si le nombre de #démissions, les chiffres des #accidents et des #arrêts_de_travail étaient plutôt le signe de #conditions_de_travail délétères.

    Jeté dans une #concurrence accrue du fait d’un #management personnalisé, évalué et soumis à la culture froide du chiffre, des baisses budgétaires, le travailleur du XXIe siècle est placé sous une #pression inédite...

    L’étude de 2019 de la Darès (Ministère du Travail) nous apprend que 37% des travailleurs.ses interrogés se disent incapables de poursuivre leur activité jusqu’à la retraite. Que l’on soit hôtesse de caisse (Laurence) ou magistrat (Jean-Pierre), tous témoignent de la dégradation de leurs conditions de travail et de l’impact que ces dégradations peuvent avoir sur notre #santé comme l’explique le psychanalyste Christophe Dejours : “Il n’y a pas de neutralité du travail vis-à-vis de la #santé_mentale. Grâce au travail, votre #identité s’accroît, votre #amour_de_soi s’accroît, votre santé mentale s’accroît, votre #résistance à la maladie s’accroît. C’est extraordinaire la santé par le travail. Mais si on vous empêche de faire du travail de qualité, alors là, la chose risque de très mal tourner.”

    Pourtant, la #quête_de_sens est plus que jamais au cœur des revendications, particulièrement chez les jeunes. Aussi, plutôt que de parler de la semaine de quatre jours ou de développer une sociabilité contrainte au travail, ne serait-il pas temps d’améliorer son #organisation, d’investir dans les métiers du « soin » afin de renforcer le #lien_social ?

    Enfin, la crise environnementale n’est-elle pas l’occasion de réinventer le travail, loin du cycle infernal production/ consommation comme le pense la sociologue Dominique Méda : “Je crois beaucoup à la reconversion écologique. Il faut prendre au sérieux la contrainte écologique comme moyen à la fois de créer des emplois, comme le montrent les études, mais aussi une possibilité de changer radicalement le travail en profondeur.”

    https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/lsd-la-serie-documentaire/une-organisation-en-souffrance-5912905

    #travail #audio #sens #reconnaissance #podcast #déshumanisation #grande_distribution #supermarchés #Carrefour #salariat #accidents_du_travail # location-gérance #jours_de_carence #délai_de_carence #financiarisation #traçabilité #performance #néo-taylorisme #taylorisme_numérique #contrôle #don #satisfaction #modernisation #mai_68 #individualisation #personnalisation #narcissisation #collectif #entraide #épanouissement #marges_de_manoeuvre #intensification_du_travail #efficacité #rentabilité #pression #sous-traitance #intensité_du_travail #santé_au_travail #santé #épidémie #anxiété #dépression #santé_publique #absentéisme #dégradation_des_conditions_de_travail #sommeil #identité #amour_de_soi #santé_par_le_travail #tournant_gestionnaire #gouvernance_de_l'entreprise #direction_d'entreprise #direction #règles #lois #gestionnaires #ignorance #objectifs_quantitatifs #objectifs #performance #mesurage #évaluation #traçabilité #quantification #quantitatif #qualitatif #politique_du_chiffre #flux #justice #charge_de_travail

    25’40 : #Jean-Pierre_Bandiera, ancien président du tribunal correctionnel de Nîmes :

    « On finit par oublier ce qu’on a appris à l’école nationale de la magistrature, c’est-à-dire la motivation d’un jugement... On finit par procéder par affirmation, ce qui fait qu’on gagne beaucoup de temps. On a des jugements, dès lors que la culpabilité n’est pas contestée, qui font abstraction de toute une série d’éléments qui sont pourtant importants : s’attarder sur les faits ou les expliquer de façon complète. On se contente d’une qualification développée : Monsieur Dupont est poursuivi pour avoir frauduleusement soustrait 3 véhicules, 4 téléviseurs au préjudice de Madame Durant lors d’un cambriolage » mais on n’est pas du tout en mesure après de préciser que Monsieur Dupont était l’ancien petit ami de Madame Durant ou qu’il ne connaissait absolument pas Madame Durant. Fixer les conditions dans lesquelles ce délit a été commis de manière ensuite à expliquer la personnalisation de la peine qui est quand même la mission essentielle du juge ! Il faut avoir à chaque fois qu’il nous est demandé la possibilité d’adapter au mieux la peine à l’individu. C’est très important. On finit par mettre des tarifs. Quelle horreur pour un juge ! On finit par oublier la quintessence de ce métier qui est de faire la part des choses entre l’accusation, la défense, l’auteur de faits, la victime, et essayer d’adopter une sanction qui soit la plus adaptée possible. C’est la personnalisation de la peine, c’est aussi le devenir de l’auteur de cette infraction de manière à éviter la récidive, prévoir sa resocialisation. Bref, jouer à fond le rôle du juge, ce qui, de plus en plus, est ratatiné à un rôle de distributeur de sanctions qui sont plus ou moins tarifées. Et ça c’est quelque chose qui, à la fin de ma carrière, c’est quelque chose qui me posait de véritables problèmes d’éthique, parce que je ne pensais pas ce rôle du juge comme celui-là. Du coup, la qualité de la justice finit par souffrir, incontestablement. C’est une évolution constante qui est le fruit d’une volonté politique qui, elle aussi, a été constante, de ne pas consacrer à la justice de notre pays les moyens dont elle devait disposer pour pouvoir fonctionner normalement. Et cette évolution n’a jamais jamais, en dépit de tout ce qui a pu être dit ou écrit, n’ai jamais été interrompue. Nous sommes donc aujourd’hui dans une situation de détresse absolue. La France est donc ??? pénultième au niveau européen sur les moyens budgétaires consacrés à sa justice. Le Tribunal de Nîme comporte 13 procureurs, la moyenne européenne nécessiterait qu’ils soient 63, je dis bien 63 pour 13. Il y a 39 juges au Tribunal de Nîmes, pour arriver dans la moyenne européenne il en faudrait 93. Et de mémoire il y a 125 greffiers et il en faudrait 350 je crois pour être dans la moyenne. Il y avait au début de ma carrière à Nîmes 1 juge des Libertés et de la détention, il y en a aujourd’hui 2. On a multiplié les chiffres du JLD par 10. Cela pose un problème moral et un problème éthique. Un problème moral parce qu’on a le sentiment de ne pas satisfaire au rôle qui est le sien. Un problème éthique parce qu’on finit par prendre un certain nombre de recul par rapport aux valeurs que l’on a pourtant porté haut lorsqu’on a débuté cette carrière. De sorte qu’une certaine mélancolie dans un premier temps et au final un certain découragement me guettaient et m’ont parfois atteint ; mes périodes de vacances étant véritablement chaque année un moment où la décompression s’imposait sinon je n’aurais pas pu continuer dans ces conditions-là. Ce sont des heures de travail qui sont très très chargés et qui contribuent aussi à cette fatigue aujourd’hui au travail qui a entraîné aussi beaucoup de burn-out chez quelques collègues et puis même, semble-t-il, certains sont arrivés à des extrémités funestes puisqu’on a eu quelques collègues qui se sont suicidés quasiment sur place, vraisemblablement en grande partie parce que... il y avait probablement des problèmes personnels, mais aussi vraisemblablement des problèmes professionnels. Le sentiment que je vous livre aujourd’hui est un sentiment un peu partagé par la plupart de mes collègues. Après la réaction par rapport à cette situation elle peut être une réaction combative à travers des engagements syndicaux pour essayer de parvenir à faire bouger l’éléphant puisque le mammouth a déjà été utilisé par d’autres. Ces engagements syndicaux peuvent permettre cela. D’autres ont plus ou moins rapidement baissé les bras et se sont satisfaits de cette situation à défaut de pouvoir la modifier. Je ne regrette rien, je suis parti serein avec le sentiment du devoir accompli, même si je constate que en fermant la porte du tribunal derrière moi je laisse une institution judiciaire qui est bien mal en point."

    Min. 33’15, #Christophe_Dejours, psychanaliste :

    « Mais quand il fait cela, qu’il sabote la qualité de son travail, qu’il bâcle son travail de juge, tout cela, c’est un ensemble de trahisons. Premièrement, il trahi des collègues, parce que comme il réussi à faire ce qu’on lui demande en termes de quantité... on sait très bien que le chef va se servir du fait qu’il y en a un qui arrive pour dire aux autres : ’Vous devez faire la même chose. Si vous ne le faites pas, l’évaluation dont vous allez bénéficier sera mauvaise pour vous, et votre carrière... vous voulez la mutation ? Vous ne l’aurez pas !’ Vous trahissez les collègues. Vous trahissez les règles de métier, vous trahissez le justiciable, vous trahissez les avocats, vous leur couper la parole parce que vous n’avez pas le temps : ’Maître, je suis désolé, il faut qu’on avance.’ Vous maltraitez les avocats, ce qui pose des problèmes aujourd’hui assez compliqués entre avocats et magistrats. Les relations se détériorent. Vous maltraitez le justiciable. Si vous allez trop vite... l’application des peines dans les prisons... Quand vous êtes juges des enfants, il faut écouter les enfants, ça prend du temps ! Mais non, ’va vite’. Vous vous rendez compte ? C’est la maltraitance des justiciables sous l’effet d’une justice comme ça. A la fin vous trahissez la justice, et comme vous faites mal votre travail, vous trahissez l’Etat de droit. A force de trahir tous ces gens qui sont... parce que c’est des gens très mobilisés... on ne devient pas magistrat comme ça, il faut passer des concours... c’est le concours le plus difficile des concours de la fonction publique, c’est plus difficile que l’ENA l’Ecole nationale de magistrature... C’est des gens hyper engagés, hyper réglo, qui ont un sens de la justice, et vous leur faites faire quoi ? Le contraire. C’est ça la dégradation de la qualité. Donc ça conduit, à un moment donné, à la trahison de soi. Ça, ça s’appelle la souffrance éthique. C’est-à-dire, elle commence à partir du moment où j’accepte d’apporter mon concours à des actes ou à des pratiques que le sens moral réprouve. Aujourd’hui c’est le cas dans la justice, c’est le cas dans les hôpitaux, c’est le cas dans les universités, c’est le cas dans les centres de recherche. Partout dans le secteur public, où la question éthique est décisive sur la qualité du service public, vous avez des gens qui trahissent tout ça, et qui entrent dans le domaine de la souffrance éthique. Des gens souffrent dans leur travail, sauf que cette souffrance, au lieu d’être transformée en plaisir, elle s’aggrave. Les gens vont de plus en plus mal parce que le travail leur renvoie d’eux-mêmes une image lamentable. Le résultat c’est que cette trahison de soi quelques fois ça se transforme en haine de soi. Et c’est comme ça qu’à un moment donné les gens se suicident. C’est comme ça que vous avez des médecins des hôpitaux, professeurs de médecine de Paris qui sautent par la fenêtre. Il y a eu le procès Mégnien, au mois de juin. Il a sauté du 5ème étage de Georges-Pompidou. Il est mort. Comment on en arrive là ? C’est parce que les gens ont eu la possibilité de réussir un travail, de faire une oeuvre, et tout à coup on leur casse le truc. Et là vous cassez une vie. C’est pour cela que les gens se disent : ’Ce n’est pas possible, c’est tout ce que j’ai mis de moi-même, tous ces gens avec qui j’ai bossé, maintenant il faut que ça soit moi qui donne le noms des gens qu’on va virer. Je ne peux pas faire ça, ce n’est pas possible.’ Vous les obligez à faire l’inverse de ce qu’ils croient juste, de ce qu’ils croient bien. Cette organisation du travail, elle cultive ce qu’il y a de plus mauvais dans l’être humain. »

    #suicide #trahison #souffrance_éthique

    • Quels facteurs influencent la capacité des salariés à faire le même travail #jusqu’à_la_retraite ?

      En France, en 2019, 37 % des salariés ne se sentent pas capables de tenir dans leur travail jusqu’à la retraite. L’exposition à des #risques_professionnels – physiques ou psychosociaux –, tout comme un état de santé altéré, vont de pair avec un sentiment accru d’#insoutenabillité du travail.

      Les métiers les moins qualifiés, au contact du public ou dans le secteur du soin et de l’action sociale, sont considérés par les salariés comme les moins soutenables. Les salariés jugeant leur travail insoutenable ont des carrières plus hachées que les autres et partent à la retraite plus tôt, avec des interruptions, notamment pour des raisons de santé, qui s’amplifient en fin de carrière.

      Une organisation du travail qui favorise l’#autonomie, la participation des salariés et limite l’#intensité_du_travail tend à rendre celui-ci plus soutenable. Les mobilités, notamment vers le statut d’indépendant, sont également des moyens d’échapper à l’insoutenabilité du travail, mais ces trajectoires sont peu fréquentes, surtout aux âges avancés.

      https://dares.travail-emploi.gouv.fr/publication/quels-facteurs-influencent-la-capacite-des-salaries-faire-
      #statistiques #chiffres

    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFoTT0cpzx4

      Racconta Stefano Massini:

      “L’uomo nel lampo” è un dialogo in musica. C’è un padre morto giovanissimo in un incidente sul lavoro, uno di quelli che funestano le nostre cronache, senza far notizia al punto tale che neppure destano più scandalo perché il lavoro è diventato un far west e i diritti sono un lusso. L’assuefazione alle cosiddette morti bianche è ormai un dato di fatto, e con questo brano di teatro-canzone tentiamo di sollevare il velo della narcosi. La canzone è un piccolo ritratto di vita, drammatica perchè cristallizza un dialogo impossibile: da quella fotografia appesa in salotto, il padre non smette mai di parlare al figlio, che nel frattempo cresce nella leggenda di quel papà “morto dentro un lampo”. È un nuovo capitolo della collaborazione che da anni mi lega a Paolo Jannacci, e che dal 2020 ci ha visti nei teatri di tutta Italia con le repliche di “Storie” del Piccolo Teatro di Milano. Questa collaborazione mi rende ancora più fiero dal momento che si inscrive nella scia di un impegno civile, quello sulle morti cosiddette “bianche”, che tante volte ho denunciato anche per ragioni familiari.

      Aggiunge Paolo Jannacci:

      “Riuscire a tutelare e tutelarsi nel mondo del lavoro ci sottrae dalla meschinità che spesso ci domina. “L’uomo nel lampo” è un piccolo contributo in chiave poetica, per non dimenticare chi è morto sul lavoro e per mantenersi sempre in guardia, perché ne va della nostra vita. L’Italia è una Repubblica democratica fondata sul lavoro, ma spesso ce ne dimentichiamo. Altro non posso dire perché sono solo un saltimbanco… Ma si sa: i saltimbanchi, da sempre, raccontano amare verità”.

      –---

      Ehi, ehi Michè,
      Sono io Michè, questa voce lontana
      Dicono, sai la vita è strana
      Ma più che strana è proprio bastarda
      Ed io lo so perché mi riguarda

      Da quando il mio filo si è rotto
      Sono una foto appesa in salotto
      E in quella foto oltretutto...
      Ma dai Michè son così brutto:
      Occhi chiusi, viso scuro...
      Che se mi avessero detto giuro
      «Questa foto resterà di te»
      Accidenti Michè, mi sarei messo in posa
      1,2,3, flash, perfetto
      Sono io, sì,
      sono l’uomo di cui ti hanno detto
      Che un lampo mi portò via
      E di me non resta, che una fotografia

      C’era una volta un uomo che vide come un lampo
      sorrise e alzò le mani come per abbracciarlo
      L’uomo nel lampo che non è più tornato
      Lo videro in quel lampo e lì si è addormentato
      Proprio quel lampo che portò via mio padre
      e che da quel momento è musica nel vento

      Sai Michè,
      non è che sono solo in questo posto
      C’è più folla che a Rimini ad agosto
      Tutti come me finiti fuori pista
      Tutti fuori dalla lista
      Tutti con il marchio addosso di questo paradosso
      Che il lavoro porta sotto terra
      e l’operaio muore come in guerra

      Ma io Michè, io che ridevo anche dei guai
      io, che la battuta non mi mancava mai,
      Quando mi dicono: «la fabbrica è una miniera»
      Rispondo «No, piuttosto è una galera»
      Perché loro si fanno l’ora d’aria
      e pure noi, nel senso che saltiamo in aria
      E nelle fiamme di sei metri e via..
      Passi da uomo a fotografia.

      C’era una volta un uomo che vide come un lampo
      sorrise e alzò le mani come per fermarlo
      L’uomo nel lampo che non è più tornato
      Lo videro in quel lampo

      Questo lampo non ha odore ne colore
      Il lampo uccide ma senza far rumore
      Poi ti guardi ad uno specchio
      E lì vorresti perdonare

      E vabbè, basta dai...
      Da questa foto mi guardo intorno
      E non ho smesso un solo giorno
      in silenzio fotografato e muto di dirti:
      «Ciao Michè, sono il padre che non hai conosciuto»

      #accidents_de_travail #travail #mourir_au_travail #musique #chanson #musique_et_politique #Stefano_Massini #Paolo_Jannacci #morts_blanches

    • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g4arkqC8gM

      Destinazione lager!
      Partono vagoni notte e giorno
      il biglietto è solo andata e non c’è ritorno
      nei tuoi bellissimi occhi neri
      non c’è domani non c’è oggi e non ieri

      Dentro il carro merci il tempo si è fermato
      è passato tanto tempo e tu non sai quanto hai viaggiato
      lacrime e sudore fame sete tosse e scarpe rotte
      il tempo non esiste e non distingui più il giorno dalla notte

      Alla stazione dove arrivi la neve danza tutto intorno
      alla stazione dove arrivi è sempre notte e non è mai giorno
      alla stazione dove arrivi la neve gira gira gira come impazzita
      e allora pensi che vita è già finita

      Destinazione lager!
      le ciminiere affondano nel cielo

      Destinazione lager!
      e nei tuoi occhi grandi passa un velo
      solo paura nel tuo viso e nel tuo cuore
      non c’è più tempo per parlar d’amore

      Destinazione lager!
      le ciminiere si infilzano nel cielo

      Destinazione lager!
      e nei tuoi occhi belli cala un velo
      solo sgomento nel tuo cuore e nel tuo viso
      non hai più voglia di carezze non hai più voglia di un sorriso

      #Francesco_Pais #histoire #musique #guerre #chanson #musique_et_politique #WWII #camps_d'extermination #shoah #seconde_guerre_mondiale #deuxième_guerre_mondiale #nazisme #lager

  • What do Germany’s migration partnerships entail ?

    Migration partnerships cannot halt large movements of refugees, but they can help countries manage migration better. Germany has signed a number of partnerships into effect in recent years.

    The German government seems to be working tirelessly when it comes to migration. In January, during her visit Rabat, Morocco’s capital, German Economic Cooperation and Development Minister Svenja Schulze announced a new migration partnership with Morocco.

    Just days later, on February 6, she inaugurated a migrant resource center in Nyanya near Abuja, Nigeria’s capital, alongside Nigerian Minister of State for Labor and Employment Nkeiruka Onyejeocha.

    In May last year, German Chancellor Olaf Scholz announced a migration partnership with Kenya in an attempt to attract skilled workers from the East African nation.

    Apart from Morocco, Nigeria and Kenya, the German government has also signed migration partnerships or is in negotiations to do so with Colombia, India, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia and Moldova.

    At the European Union (EU) level, such agreements have been in place for over 15 years. According to the EU-funded Migration Partnership Facility, there are around 50 such partnerships.

    ’Part of overall concept’

    What is the difference between these partnerships, repatriation cooperation agreements or previous migration agreements?

    For Joachim Stamp, Germany’s Special Commissioner for Migration Agreements, “migration partnerships are a component of an overall concept.” According to the Interior Ministry, to which Stamp’s post is assigned, this includes “a paradigm shift to reduce irregular migration and strengthen legal migration.”

    He explained that in contrast to general migration agreements, migration partnerships are more about trust-based exchange and cooperation in labor, training and attracting skilled workers. The idea is not only to fight irregular migration but to replace it with regular migration.

    Migration expert Steffen Angenendt from the Berlin-based German Institute for International and Security Affairs considers migration partnerships to be “extremely important” and “indispensable” but points out that they are not “a panacea for large migration movements.”
    Partner countries’ interests ignored

    “Previous agreements have generally been ineffective or have not achieved the effect they were supposed to,” Angenendt told DW. “This is because all the EU migration and mobility partnerships concluded since 2007 have been primarily aimed at reducing irregular immigration.”

    He added that the problem was that the interests of partner countries had consistently been neglected.

    These interests include the expansion of regular immigration opportunities to work, study or train in EU countries, he explained. Angenendt said that as long as these considerations were not considered, countries’ political will to fulfill treaty obligations would remain low.

    Such obligations include the rapid issuing of documents to nationals living in countries where they do not have the right to stay so they can be moved to their country of origin. They also include the stricter monitoring of those wanting to leave a country.
    Most asylum seekers in Germany fleeing from war

    On closer inspection, this means that migration partnerships are only partially suitable for reducing migration movements. Most people entering Germany as refugees are from countries where there are massive human rights violations and war.

    “We cannot develop migration partnerships with countries such as Syria and Afghanistan,” said Stamp in a statement. Instead, he stated that the German government was trying to support “neighboring countries that take in refugees from these countries.”

    According to the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees, most asylum seekers in recent years have originated from Syria and Afghanistan. In the past three years, the number of asylum seekers from Turkey has also increased, accounting for 19% of the total.

    Countries with which Germany has migration partnerships, such as Georgia, tend to be at the bottom of the statistics.

    “I am very pleased that we have succeeded in reaching an agreement with Georgia and [will do so] in the coming weeks, with Moldova,” said Stamp in an interview with the German television news channel Welt TV in early February.

    He added that the migration partnership with Morocco announced at the end of January was already being implemented. “After many years in which things didn’t go so well, we now have a trusting relationship,” he said.

    Controversial deal between Italy and Albania

    For its part, Italy has reached a controversial agreement with Albania, which has EU candidate status, to reduce migration. This is sometimes called a migration partnership but does not seem to fit the description.

    According to the agreement, Albania will establish two centers this year that will detain asylum seekers while their applications are being processed. The international advocacy organization Human Rights Watch says the deal breaches international law.

    Compared to Italian Prime Minister Georgia Meloni, German development minister Schulze appears to have struck a different tone regarding migration. But she still wants to see more migrants without the right to stay deported from Germany.

    “Migration is a fact of life,” she said at the inauguration of the migrant resource center in Nigeria at the beginning of February. “We have to deal with it in a way that benefits everyone: migrants, countries of origin and the communities that receive migrants.”

    https://www.infomigrants.net/en/post/55097/what-do-germanys-migration-partnerships-entail

    #accords #Allemagne #accords_bilatéraux #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Maroc #Nyanya #Nigeria #Kenya #Colombie #Inde #Géorgie #Moldavie #Ouzbékistan #Kirghizistan #Migration_Partnership_Facility #accords_migratoires #partenariats #partenariats_migratoires

  • #Espace_Schengen : l’Union européenne trouve un #accord pour clarifier le cadre des contrôles aux frontières

    Depuis 2015, de nombreux pays ont réintroduit dans l’espace de libre circulation européen des contrôles d’identité à leurs frontières, invoquant la #pression_migratoire ou la #menace_terroriste.

    Les négociateurs du Parlement européen et du Conseil (Etats membres) ont trouvé un accord, mardi 6 février, sur une réforme du #code_Schengen destinée à clarifier et renforcer le cadre prévu pour la réintroduction et la prolongation des contrôles aux frontières intérieures de cet espace de libre circulation.

    Au sein de l’espace Schengen, qui regroupe 27 pays − dont 23 Etats membres de l’Union européenne (UE) plus l’Islande, le Liechtenstein, la Norvège et la Suisse −, plus de 400 millions de personnes peuvent en principe circuler sans être soumises à des contrôles. Mais depuis 2015, invoquant la pression migratoire ou la menace terroriste − voire les deux −, de nombreux pays ont réintroduit des contrôles d’identité à leurs frontières. Ils sont actuellement plus de la moitié à le faire. L’espace Schengen a aussi été fragmenté par des restrictions de circulation décidées par les Etats membres pendant la pandémie de Covid-19.

    Or, ces contrôles sont autorisés par le code Schengen à titre exceptionnel, en cas de #menace_grave pour l’ordre public ou la sécurité intérieure d’un Etat, mais de manière 3provisoire. Et la Cour de justice de l’UE a rappelé en avril 2022 qu’ils ne devaient pas excéder six mois. En décembre 2021, la Commission européenne a proposé une révision du code Schengen pour tenter de mettre de l’ordre et tirer les leçons de la crise du Covid-19.

    Libre circulation et sécurité

    Selon l’accord trouvé mardi soir, qui devra encore être approuvé formellement par le Parlement européen et le Conseil, en cas de menace grave à sa sécurité, un Etat peut autoriser des contrôles à ses frontières, pour une durée maximale de deux ans, avec une prolongation possible d’un an. Ces Etats devront évaluer la nécessité et la proportionnalité de ces contrôles et déterminer si les objectifs poursuivis ne peuvent être atteints par des mesures alternatives.

    Aux frontières extérieures, la réforme prévoit en cas d’urgence sanitaire de grande ampleur d’harmoniser les règles d’entrée dans l’UE en provenance de pays tiers − les éventuelles mises en quarantaine ou tests notamment. Les citoyens et résidents de l’UE seraient exemptés de telles restrictions d’entrée. Elle prévoit aussi des réponses aux tentatives d’Etat tiers d’« instrumentaliser » les migrants dans le but de déstabiliser un pays de l’UE − comme la Biélorussie et la Russie ont été accusées de le faire −, notamment en limitant les points de passage.

    « La #libre_circulation dans nos frontières intérieures et la sécurité de nos frontières extérieures sont les deux pierres angulaires de l’espace Schengen. L’accord conclu aujourd’hui (…) clarifiera et renforcera ces deux piliers », a commenté la ministre de l’intérieur belge, Annelies Verlinden, dont le pays assure la présidence semestrielle du Conseil de l’UE.

    L’eurodéputée française Sylvie Guillaume (membre du groupe Alliance progressiste des socialistes & démocrates) s’est déclarée « satisfaite ». « Avec cet accord, nous avons protégé la libre circulation des personnes tout en répondant aux défis auxquels l’espace Schengen a été confronté au cours des dix dernières années », a-t-elle insisté.

    https://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2024/02/07/espace-schengen-l-union-europeenne-parvient-a-un-accord-pour-clarifier-le-ca

    #frontières_intérieures #frontières_internes #frontières #Schengen #contrôles_systématiques_aux_frontières #EU #UE #Union_européenne #migrations #asile #réfugiés #exception

    • Border controls: EU updates Schengen rules despite racial profiling concerns

      The Schengen Border Code will be updated as the Belgian Presidency of the Council of the EU and negotiators from the European Parliament have reached a provisional agreement on the adjustment of the border rules, announced Interior Minister Annelies Verlinden (CD&V).

      The update clarifies the rules on (re)introducing border controls between the 27 European countries who are part of the Schengen area, and ensures that they remain “a last resort,” Verlinden’s office said in a press release.

      “Smooth movement across our internal borders and the security of our external borders are the two cornerstones of the Schengen area,” she said. “This agreement on the revision of the Schengen Borders Code will clarify and strengthen these two pillars.”

      The Schengen Borders Code provides for the absence of internal border controls in the Schengen area, which in principle allows over 420 million people to travel freely between the Member States. From 31 March 2024, Bulgaria and Romania will also become part of the area.

      Introducing border controls

      In recent years, discussions about updating the border rules of the area flared up several times, as a result of the debate around migration but also due to travel restrictions during the Covid-19 pandemic.

      The amended Schengen Borders Code will provide Member States with new opportunities to effectively manage the EU’s external borders in a situation where migrants are used for political gain. “This includes limiting the number of border crossing points or shortening their opening hours.”

      In practice, this means that the deal would allow internal checks and increased policing in situations of so-called “instrumentalisation of migration,” which is when a Member State claims that a non-EU country or ’hostile non-state actor’ is pushing migrants towards external EU borders for political reasons.

      “This is an extremely problematic concept, whose codification into EU law would introduce broad derogations to fundamental rights, including the right to asylum and freedom of movement,” said PICUM, a Brussels-based network of over 160 NGOs working to advance the rights of undocumented people. They added that the new deal would de facto legitimise racial profiling in border checks.

      While the reform of the Schengen Borders Code aims to reduce the amount of temporary generalised internal EU border checks, PICUM stressed that it would escalate checks on specific groups of people. The deal would allow police authorities in joint patrols to carry out “random” document checks near internal EU borders, under the guise of apprehending people without valid travel or residence documents.

      Research has already shown that police tend to stop people for checks based on racial, ethnic, or religious characteristics. It is clear that these checks will depend on the police’s decisions about who “looks like” a person without valid papers, the network said.

      “This agreement embraces a very harmful narrative which assumes that people crossing borders without valid documents are a threat to the EU and proposes to address it by increasing policing, while de facto encouraging racial profiling,” said Silvia Carta, Advocacy Officer at PICUM.

      Internal pushbacks, no safeguards

      The new code also introduces “alternative measures” to counter unauthorised movements of third-country nationals staying in the Schengen area. If they are apprehended in the border area, a new procedure will allow Member States to return them to the Member State from which they arrived directly. The arrest must take place in the context of a bilateral partnership, the deal states.

      However, PICUM stressed that this would legalise the violent practice of “internal pushbacks,” which consists of apprehending and detaining people caught without a valid document near an internal border, and transferring them to the Member State the police think the person came from without conducting an individual assessment.

      It is still unclear which “safeguards” have been introduced to protect children, who are not explicitly excluded from such transfer procedures.

      The deal would most likely also escalate the use of monitoring and surveillance technologies that do not apply relevant safeguards and would be at odds with existing EU data protection legislation and fundamental rights.

      If there is a serious threat to public order or internal security, the deal will also allow Member States to exceptionally (re)introduce border controls. However, this will only be possible after assessing “the necessity and proportionality” of this reintroduction, and ensuring that other measures are not sufficient.

      Controls will be able to be introduced immediately if threats to public order or security are unpredictable. In that case, the Commission, Member States and the European Parliament are required to be informed at the same time. “These controls may then be reintroduced for a period of up to one month and extended for up to three months.”

      Internal border controls for foreseeable threats – which have been communicated to the Commission, other Member States and the European Parliament before being reintroduced – can remain in force for a maximum of six months. They can be extended for a renewable period of up to six months, with a maximum duration of two years.

      In serious exceptional situations relating to a persistent threat, internal border controls may be extended after two years for a maximum of six more months, which may then be extended once more (total duration of one year).

      Another health crisis

      In the event of another large-scale public health emergency, the Council can decide to authorise temporary travel restrictions at the EU’s external border. The decision may also include health-related travel restrictions, such as testing, quarantine and self-isolation. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the EU could only make non-binding recommendations to Member States.

      Certain categories of people – those enjoying the right of free movement, long-term residents and people enjoying international protection – will be exempted from the entry restrictions.

      Now, this provisional agreement will be submitted to the representatives of the Member States in the Council for confirmation. After that, it must still be formally adopted by both institutions.

      https://www.brusselstimes.com/eu-affairs/914176/reintroducing-border-controls-eu-agrees-on-schengen-code-update

      #profilage_racial #instrumentalisation_de_la_migration #contrôles_au_faciès #refoulements #refoulements_internes #push-backs

    • Schengen : le Conseil et le Parlement européen conviennent d’une révision du code frontières de l’UE

      La présidence belge du Conseil de l’UE et les négociateurs du Parlement européen sont parvenus aujourd’hui à un accord provisoire sur la modification du droit de l’UE qui fixe les règles de fonctionnement de l’espace Schengen aux frontières extérieures et intérieures. Les modifications convenues, qui devront être approuvées et adoptées formellement par les deux institutions, renforceront la coordination de l’UE et amélioreront les outils dont disposent les États membres pour faire face aux difficultés rencontrées aux frontières de l’UE.

      « Le franchissement sans entrave de nos frontières intérieures et la sécurité de nos frontières extérieures sont les deux pierres angulaires de l’espace Schengen. L’accord intervenu aujourd’hui en vue de la révision du code frontières Schengen clarifiera et renforcera ces deux piliers. » (Annelies Verlinden, ministre de l’intérieur, des réformes institutionnelles et du renouveau démocratique de la Belgique)

      La mise à jour clarifie en particulier les règles relatives au rétablissement des contrôles aux frontières en veillant à ce qu’ils restent une mesure de dernier recours, propose des solutions pour les situations dans lesquelles les migrants sont instrumentalisés et permet d’introduire des mesures communes pour harmoniser les restrictions de déplacement en cas d’urgence de santé publique.
      Lutte contre l’instrumentalisation des flux migratoires

      Le code frontières Schengen modifié mettra à disposition des États membres de nouvelles mesures pour une gestion efficace des frontières extérieures de l’UE dans les cas d’instrumentalisation des migrants à des fins politiques. Cela passe notamment par une limitation du nombre de points de passage aux frontières ou par la réduction de leurs heures d’ouverture.

      On parle d’instrumentalisation lorsqu’un pays tiers ou un acteur non étatique encourage ou facilite le déplacement de ressortissants de pays tiers vers les frontières extérieures de l’UE afin de déstabiliser l’UE ou un État membre.
      Rétablissement des contrôles aux frontières intérieures

      Le texte approuvé clarifie et renforce le cadre du rétablissement et de la prolongation des contrôles aux frontières intérieures. Les États membres peuvent rétablir des contrôles à titre exceptionnel en cas de menace grave pour l’ordre public ou la sécurité intérieure. Ils devront évaluer la nécessité et la proportionnalité de ce rétablissement et estimer si les objectifs poursuivis ne peuvent pas être atteints par d’autres moyens, notamment par des mesures alternatives.

      Selon les nouvelles règles, si des menaces pour l’ordre public ou la sécurité ont un caractère imprévisible, des contrôles peuvent être mis en place immédiatement en en informant simultanément la Commission, les autres États membres et le Parlement européen. Ces contrôles sont limités à une période d’un mois maximum et ne peuvent être prolongés que pour une durée maximale de trois mois.

      Dans le cas de menaces prévisibles, les contrôles aux frontières intérieures, notifiés à la Commission, aux États membres et au Parlement européen avant d’être rétablis, peuvent rester en place pendant une période de six mois maximum. Ils peuvent être prolongés par périodes renouvelables de six mois maximum, pour une durée n’excédant pas deux ans. Dans des situations exceptionnelles majeures liées à une menace persistante, les contrôles aux frontières intérieures peuvent être prolongés au-delà de deux ans, pour une période maximale de 6 mois supplémentaires, renouvelable une fois, la durée totale n’excédant pas un an.
      Promotion de mesures alternatives

      Une autre mise à jour du code frontières Schengen sur laquelle la présidence et le Parlement européen ont marqué leur accord concerne le recours à des mesures alternatives aux contrôles aux frontières intérieures.

      Le recours à ces mesures alternatives permettra aux États membres de limiter considérablement le rétablissement éventuel des contrôles aux frontières intérieures, en garantissant la sécurité tout en préservant l’espace de libre circulation sans contrôles aux frontières intérieures.

      Le nouveau code introduit également des mesures alternatives pour lutter contre les déplacements non autorisés de ressortissants de pays tiers en séjour irrégulier dans l’espace Schengen. Une nouvelle procédure permettra à un État membre de transférer des ressortissants de pays tiers arrêtés dans la zone frontalière et séjournant illégalement sur son territoire vers l’État membre d’où ils sont arrivés directement. L’arrestation devrait s’effectuer dans le cadre d’une coopération bilatérale.
      Mesures aux frontières extérieures en cas de crise sanitaire

      En vertu du nouveau code frontières Schengen, le Conseil peut adopter une décision autorisant des restrictions temporaires de déplacement aux frontières extérieures en cas d’urgence de santé publique de grande ampleur. Pendant la pandémie de COVID-19, l’UE n’a pu émettre que des recommandations non contraignantes à l’intention des États membres.

      La décision peut également prévoir des restrictions de déplacement liées à la santé, telles que des tests, une quarantaine et l’isolement à domicile.

      Certaines catégories de personnes seront exemptées des restrictions à l’entrée : les personnes jouissant du droit à la libre circulation, les résidents de longue durée et les bénéficiaires d’une protection internationale.
      Prochaines étapes

      L’accord provisoire intervenu aujourd’hui sera soumis aux représentants des États membres au sein du Conseil (Coreper) pour confirmation. Il devra également être formellement adopté par les deux institutions.
      Contexte

      L’espace Schengen s’étend sur plus de 4 millions de kilomètres carrés, se compose de 27 pays européens et permet à plus de 400 millions de personnes de voyager librement entre les pays membres sans passer par des contrôles aux frontières.

      La coopération entre les forces de police, les autorités douanières et les autorités chargées du contrôle des frontières extérieures des pays de l’espace Schengen contribue à la sécurité de la zone.

      Le code frontières Schengen, qui va être mis à jour par cet accord entre le Conseil et le Parlement européen, constitue le cadre réglementaire qui prévoit l’absence de contrôles aux frontières intérieures et fixe des règles pour le contrôle des personnes aux frontières extérieures de l’espace Schengen.

      Le code permet aux États membres de rétablir des contrôles aux frontières intérieures dans des circonstances exceptionnelles mettant en péril le fonctionnement global de l’espace Schengen.

      https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/press/press-releases/2024/02/06/schengen-council-and-european-parliament-agree-to-update-eu-s-borde

    • Réforme Schengen : le nouveau code rend possible les refoulements aux frontières intérieures

      Un accord a été trouvé, mardi, par les négociateurs du Parlement et du Conseil européens quant à la révision du code Schengen des frontières. Cet accord introduit de nouvelles mesures qui, rendent notamment légal le transfert de migrants depuis une zone frontalière vers le pays dont il arrive. Infomigrants fait le point.

      L’accord a été annoncé mardi soir. Les négociateurs du Parlement européen et du Conseil européen viennent d’aboutir à une version finale de révision du code Schengen des frontières. Ce code régit les pratiques aux frontières intérieures et extérieures de l’espace Schengen, territoire composé par 27 États au sein duquel, en théorie, chacun peut circuler sans contrôle.

      L’accord doit encore être approuvé formellement par le Parlement et le Conseil. Si un communiqué de presse en donne les grandes lignes, le texte détaillé n’a pas encore été rendu public. « La libre circulation dans nos frontières intérieures et la sécurité de nos frontières extérieures sont les deux pierres angulaires de l’espace Schengen. L’accord conclu aujourd’hui (...) clarifiera et renforcera ces deux piliers », soutient la ministre belge de l’Intérieur, Annelies Verlinden, dont le pays assure la présidence du Conseil de l’UE.

      Depuis 2015, de nombreux États, dont la France, ont réintroduit des contrôles d’identité à leurs frontières intérieures. En raison de la menace terroriste, mais aussi des restrictions sanitaires dues au Covid-19. Ils sont actuellement plus de la moitié des États membres de l’espace Schengen à le faire, rappelle l’AFP. Et ce, alors que ces contrôles internes sont contraires au principe de libre circulation dans l’espace Schengen.
      Un an de prolongation supplémentaire pour les contrôles aux frontières intérieures

      Ce type de contrôle est autorisé par le code Schengen « en cas de menace grave pour l’ordre public ou la sécurité intérieure d’un État ». La réintroduction d’un contrôle aux frontières intérieures est d’une période de six mois maximum. Ces périodes sont ensuite renouvelables, sur une durée maximale de deux ans.

      La nouvelle réforme du code Schengen réaffirme le caractère exceptionnel de ces contrôles. La « nécessité et la proportionnalité » de ces derniers devra être argumentée.

      Mais elle ajoute la possibilité de les prolonger encore d’une année supplémentaire. Le nouveau code encadre donc mieux la pratique… Tout en allongeant sa possibilité à trois années maximum.
      Une nouvelle mesure qui légitime les refoulements aux frontières intérieures

      À partir de cette base, les négociateurs ont introduit une nouvelle mesure pour contrôler les mouvements migratoires au sein de l’espace Schengen qui inquiète fortement les ONG et avocats en droit des étrangers. Le nouveau code permettra en effet à un État membre de « transférer les ressortissants de pays tiers appréhendés dans la zone frontalière et séjournant illégalement sur son territoire vers l’État membre d’où ils sont directement arrivés. L’arrestation devra avoir lieu dans le cadre d’un cadre de coopération bilatérale », détaille le communiqué.

      Par exemple : à la frontière franco-italienne, avec cette nouvelle mesure, « toute personne qui se trouve dans la zone frontalière pourra être arrêtée si les autorités françaises soupçonnent que cette personne est en situation irrégulière et venue d’Italie », décrit Ulrich Stege, avocat en droit des étrangers membre du réseau juridique italien ASGI, et enseignant à l’International University de Turin. Il sera possible de la refouler via « une procédure simplifiée, par exemple un unique document indiquant l’identité de la personne. On le lui fait signer, puis on la repousse ». Des pushbacks qui deviendraient légaux, en somme.

      Cette pratique a pourtant été épinglée, pas plus tard qu’en septembre 2023, par la Cour de Justice de l’UE. « La volonté est clairement de codifier et généraliser, dans la législation européenne, une pratique qui est en ce moment même en place notamment entre la France et l’Italie », confirme Ulrich Stege.
      Risques accrus de contrôles au faciès

      Edwige*, une exilée ivoirienne rencontrée à Vintimille en octobre, avait raconté à Infomigrants le déroulement des contrôles de police menant à des refoulements, dans les trains entre l’Italie et la France. « Les policiers nous ont dit de sortir. Directement, sans regarder nos documents. Moi, j’étais aux toilettes à ce moment-là : ils sont rentrés, ils m’ont tirée dehors. Je ne comprenais pas ce qu’il se passait », témoignait-elle. « C’est là que je me suis rendue compte qu’ils avaient fait sortir tous les Noirs du train. »

      « Rappelons que, dès que l’on parle de contrôles aux frontières intérieures, on ne peut pas imaginer autre chose que ce que l’on voit depuis 2015 : c’est-à-dire des contrôles avec un profilage racial des personnes. Cela ne peut pas se faire autrement », met en garde Ulrich Stege.

      Avec cette nouvelle mesure, « on s’oriente vers une systématisation de ces contrôles basées sur du profilage racial », soutient l’avocat et professeur d’université italien. Pour rappel, ces contrôles au faciès sont bien entendus illégaux... Car discriminatoires. "Il est clair que les contrôles « aléatoires » de documents dépendront des décisions de la police quant à savoir qui « ressemble » à une personne sans-papiers", abonde l’ASGI dans son analyse de la réforme, parue mi 2022.

      « Jusqu’ici, on avait des pratiques basées sur des accords bilatéraux. Cette fois, il y aurait une loi européenne qui régularise et légitime ces pratiques. Or, ce sont des pratiques violentes, de refoulements et de discriminations raciales », tranche Silvia Carta, chargée de plaidoyer politique migratoire pour le réseau PICUM (Plateforme pour la coopération internationale sur les migrants sans papiers), également interrogée par Infomigrants.
      Pas d’exception pour les mineurs, les demandeurs d’asile ou les familles ?

      Plusieurs questions restent en suspens. Existera-t-il un droit au recours, pour les personnes soumises à cette nouvelle mesure ? Mais aussi : combien de temps les personnes pourront-elles être placées dans des locaux de rétention, en attendant leur refoulement ? Par-dessus tout : y aura-t-il des exceptions pour les catégories protégées, à savoir les mineurs non-accompagnés, les familles avec enfants, ou encore les demandeurs d’asile - qui ont le droit imprescriptible de déposer une demande d’asile partout dans l’UE ?

      « Notre crainte, c’est que cette mesure favorise, entre autres, la rétention illégale des personnes », pointe Silvia Carta. « Le Parlement avait envisagé des garde-fous. Mais nous ne savons pas exactement ce qui a été retenu dans le texte, d’autant que le Conseil était, à l’inverse, réticent à les intégrer dans l’accord... »

      Or, « sans précision, sans règle claire, chacun fait un peu comme il le veut. On le voit bien à la frontière franco-italienne, où des demandeurs d’asile sont refoulés », insiste Ulrich Stege.

      De manière globale, le nouveau code Schengen vise à promouvoir et créer d’autres « mesures alternatives pour lutter contre les mouvements non autorisés de ressortissants de pays tiers en séjour irrégulier dans l’espace Schengen », assume le communiqué européen.

      Sans publication du texte, difficile de savoir pour le moment ce que recouvre ce champ des « mesures alternatives ». Les ONG craignent une intensification du recours aux technologies de surveillance. Avec l’idée de « faciliter les détections et les interceptions des gens de façon de plus en plus systématique. Via des drones, des caméras, l’intelligence artificielle... », souligne Silvia Carta.
      Des mesures face aux tentatives « d’instrumentalisation » de migrants

      La révision du code Schengen concerne aussi les frontières extérieures. Il est prévu une harmonisation des règles d’entrée dans l’UE « en cas d’urgence sanitaire », avec des « éventuelles mises en quarantaine ou tests », laisse entrevoir le communiqué.

      Surtout, l’accord prévoit des mesures face aux tentatives d’Etats tiers d’"instrumentaliser" les migrants « dans un but politique » de déstabilisation - comme le Bélarus ou encore la Russie ont été accusés par l’UE de le faire, en 2023. Il s’agira de « limiter le nombre de points de passage, ou de réduire leurs horaires d’ouverture », annonce le communiqué.

      "Ce concept d’"instrumentalisation" est problématique et inquiétant", réagit Silvia Carta. "Il associe la migration à une menace sécuritaire. Et puis, qui rentrera dans cette définition de l’"instrumentalisation" ? Est-ce qu’à terme, cela pourrait viser aussi les missions de sauvetage des personnes exilées menées par des ONG ?"

      Le rôle de l’agence de garde-frontières Frontex s’en verra renforcé, souligne dans son analyse détaillée le réseau Border Violence Monitoring. Dans les moments de tension aux frontières extérieures, comme entre la Finlande et la Russie fin 2023, des agents sont envoyés sur place, en mission.

      « C’est un constat que l’on fait pour tous les textes sur les migrations, y compris le nouveau Pacte migratoire européen : l’UE produit des nouvelles règles qui se basent sur une approche sécuritaire, avec la criminalisation de la figure du migrant », conclut Ulrich Stege. « Et cela nuit aux droits fondamentaux qui devraient s’appliquer ».

      https://www.infomigrants.net/fr/post/55028/reforme-schengen--le-nouveau-code-rend-possible-les-refoulements-aux-f

    • Racial profiling and « internal pushbacks » in new Schengen borders legislation

      Statewatch is publishing the final compromise text of the revised Schengen Borders Code, which is due for adoption soon by the Council and the Parliament. The text has been heavily criticised for encouraging racial profiling through the increased use of police patrols and checks at internal borders in the Schengen area, as well as legitimating “internal pushbacks”, with the aim of avoiding the full-blown reintroduction of internal border controls.

      The proposed Regulation, which comes hot on the heels of other new legislation as part of the Pact on Migration and Asylum, has a number of goals, as explained in the compromise text document (pdf):

      a) establish a new mechanism which should allow for a timely adoption by the Council of a binding instrument setting out temporary travel restrictions at the external borders in case of a pandemic,

      b) address the instrumentalisation of migrants, where a third country actor is using human beings to destabilise the Union or its Member States,

      c) create a new mechanism allowing for a European response to problems affecting a majority of Member States at the same time and thus putting the overall functioning of the Schengen area at risk,

      d) clarify and expand the list of elements that must be assessed by a Member State when taking the decision on temporary reintroduction of border controls,

      e) provide that safeguards should always be applied, to limit the negative impact of the temporary reintroduction of border checks at internal borders, should this reintroduction be inevitable.

      The Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migration has said that the text will increase the use of police checks at internal borders that will be based on “racial, ethnic, or religious characteristics,” whilst warning that it also legalises “the violent practice of ‘internal pushbacks’, which consists in apprehending and detaining people caught without a valid document near an internal border, and transferring them to the member state the police think the person came from without conducting an individual assessment.”

      The document includes an explanation from the Presidency of “the key elements of the compromise text”:

      – Travel restrictions – The definition and concept of “large-scale public health emergency” were agreed and the Parliament accepted that Member States can apply stricter measures than those agreed at EU level. A supplementary list of categories of travellers that could be exempted from travel restrictions was included from which categories of essential travellers could be added to Annex XI by means of an implementing act.

      – Alternative police measures – These measures are intended to enable Member States to avoid having to resort to the reintroduction of internal border controls. These provisions were largely maintained in the final agreement. This is an important element since it will expand the toolbox available to Member States to deal with threats before reintroducing internal border controls.

      – Transfer procedure – The procedure will take place in the context of a bilateral cooperation framework. Minors will not be exempted from the procedure, but procedural safeguards will be included.

      – Instrumentalisation – A cross-reference was made to the definition of instrumentalisation as contained in the Crisis Regulation

      – Attempt to cross the external border en masse and using force – The wording of a ruling of the European Court of Human Rights was maintained.

      – Reintroduction/prolongation of internal border controls – On the issue of a maximum duration for which Member States can reintroduce internal border controls, an agreement was reached for a total period of two years, with possibility of two additional prolongations of 6 months each. In the case of a situation putting at risk the overall functioning of the area without internal border controls that affects several Member States, the application of the provision will be restricted to large scale public health emergencies.

      https://www.statewatch.org/news/2024/february/racial-profiling-and-internal-pushbacks-in-new-schengen-borders-legislat

    • Asylum and migration reform: EU member states’ representatives green light deal with European Parliament

      Today, EU member states’ representatives (Coreper) approved the provisional deal that was reached between the Council presidency and the European Parliament on 20 December 2023, constituting a pact of five key laws which will reform the EU’s asylum and migration system.

      “The member states today confirmed their commitment to improve the European asylum and migration system. These new rules will make the European asylum system more effective and increase solidarity between member states. This agreement will fundamentally change the way in which we deal with migration and asylum on the ground, at the borders and within our territories. The agreement will not change the situation on the ground from day one after its adoption, but now we have to be fully committed to implement what we have decided.” (Nicole de Moor, Belgian State Secretary for Asylum and Migration)

      Pact on asylum and migration

      The five EU laws of the pact touch upon all stages of asylum and migration management.

      The update of the Eurodac regulation (the EU fingerprint database) will make it possible to better tackle irregular movements and monitor the paths of asylum seekers and persons in an irregular situation throughout the EU.

      The screening regulation’s aim is to strengthen controls of persons at external borders. It also ensures fast identification of the correct procedure – such as return to their country of origin or start of an asylum procedure – when a person enters the EU without fulfilling the right entry conditions.

      The asylum procedure regulation (APR) establishes a common procedure that member states need to follow when people seek international protection. It streamlines the procedural arrangements and sets standards for the rights of the asylum seeker. It introduces a mandatory border procedure, with the aim of quickly assessing at the EU’s external borders whether applications for asylum are unfounded or inadmissible.

      The asylum and migration management regulation (AMMR) will replace the current Dublin regulation. It sets out rules determining which member state is responsible for the examination of an asylum application. To balance the current system whereby a few member states are responsible for the vast majority of asylum applications, a new solidarity mechanism will be established. The new rules combine mandatory solidarity to support member states who cannot cope with the number of irregular arrivals into their territory with flexibility for member states as regards the choice of their contributions

      The fifth leg of the Pact is a new law that establishes a framework allowing member states to address situations of crisis in the field of asylum and migration. They would be authorised to adjust certain rules, for instance concerning the registration of asylum applications or the asylum border procedure. On the other hand these countries would be able to request solidarity and support measures from the EU and its member states.
      Reception conditions, qualification and resettlement

      The permanent representatives committee also gave the thumbs up to three asylum and migration laws on which Council and Parliament had already reached agreement in 2022. These three laws comprise a revision of the reception conditions directive, an update of the qualification regulation and a regulation establishing an EU resettlement framework.

      A return border regulation was also approved which allows the pact to apply to those European countries with differing Schengen rules.
      Next steps

      The laws approved today will have to be formally adopted by the European Parliament and the Council.

      Background

      The asylum procedure regulation, asylum and migration management regulation, Eurodac regulation, screening regulation and crisis regulation are components of the new pact on migration and asylum, which the Commission proposed on 23 September 2020.

      The reception conditions directive, qualification regulation and EU resettlement framework were proposed in 2016.

      https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2024/02/08/asylum-and-migration-reform-eu-member-states-representatives-green-

  • Energy, Power and Transition. State of Power 2024

    The fossil fuel based energy system has shaped capitalism and our geopolitical order. Our 12th State of Power report unveils the corporate and financial actors that underpin this order, the dangers of an unjust energy transition, lessons for movements of resistance, and the possibilities for transformative change.

    https://www.tni.org/en/publication/energy-power-and-transition

    #transition_énergétique #énergie #énergie_fossile #rapport #tni #capitalisme #pétrole #résistance #

  • Des treillis dans les labos. La recherche scientifique au service de l’#armée

    Dans une envolée rare, les dépenses militaires européennes ont atteint leur niveau de la fin de la Guerre froide. En #France, troisième exportateur mondial d’armes, le complexe militaro-industriel mobilise #entreprises et #chercheurs civils pour concevoir et fabriquer les armes de demain.
    Grenoble, spécialisée en #semi-conducteurs, constitue le « cerveau de l’armement » national.

    http://www.lemondealenvers.lautre.net/livres/des_treillis_dans_les_labos.html
    #armes #industrie_de_l'armement #recherche #Grenoble #complexe_militaro-industriel #exportations #livre

  • Senza frontiere: La criminalizzazione dei cosiddetti #scafisti nel 2023

    1. Dati e monitoraggio della cronaca
    Numero di fermi

    Come negli anni precedenti, nel 2023 abbiamo monitorato sistematicamente la cronaca sulle notizie degli arresti dei cosiddetti scafisti. Abbiamo registrato 177 arresti negli ultimi 12 mesi (rispetto ai 171 arresti nel 2021 e ai 261 arresti nel 2022). Una dichiarazione di Piantedosi che sostiene che “550 scafisti” sono stati arrestati nel biennio 2022-23 – visto che nell’aprile il governo ha rivendicato c. 350 fermi per 2022 – ci fa stimare un totale di 200 fermi nel 2023. Dal 2013, quindi, sono state fermate ormai circa 3.200 persone.

    Il numero di arresti nel 2023 non solo è inferiore in termini assoluti rispetto agli anni precedenti, ma mostra una diminuzione ancora più significativa in termini relativi. Nel 2023, circa 157.000 persone sono arrivate in Italia via mare, il che significa che sono state arrestate circa tre persone ogni 2.000 arrivi. Nel 2021 e nel 2022, il tasso di criminalizzazione era due volte questo.

    Esistono diverse ragioni che potrebbero spiegare questa diminuzione. La più significativa sembra essere un cambiamento di politica ad Agrigento e Lampedusa nel non effettuare arresti sistematici dopo gli sbarchi, concentrandosi invece su casi specifici che coinvolgono accuse di morti durante il viaggio, torture e, per la prima volta, pirateria. Ci teniamo ad aggiungere che – appoggiando il lavoro dell’associazione Maldusa – stiamo seguendo casi in cui le persone sono accusate dei suddetti reati, che hanno suscitato in noi importanti dubbi sulla correttezza delle accuse e sulle modalità con cui vengono portati avanti questi procedimenti penali che spesso sembrano vere e proprie sperimentazioni giuridiche. È anche evidente che le autorità ad Agrigento effettuano continuamente arresti di persone, soprattutto cittadini tunisini, che, essendo rientrati in Italia dopo espulsioni precedenti, sono imputati del reato di violazione del divieto di reingresso. Questo dimostra una manipolazione molto evidente del diritto penale come mezzo per sostenere le ingiuste politiche di chiusura e respingimento.

    Luoghi di fermo e il decreto Piantedosi

    In secondo luogo, l’anno scorso è stata attuata una nuova strategia nella guerra italiana contro le navi di soccorso delle ONG, a cui sono stati assegnati porti di sbarco in tutta Italia (il decreto Piantedosi). Un effetto collaterale è che spesso i luoghi che hanno accolto le imbarcazioni non hanno visto tanti sbarchi prima di quest’anno, e sono quindi poco familiari con la criminalizzazione sistematica che si è agita negli ultimi anni. Nei porti settentrionali a volte sono stati disposti gli arresti, che spesso poi non sono stati convalidati dai Giudici locali, che non hanno ritenuto neppure di disporre una misura cautelare dato che le prove contro gli imputati erano troppo deboli. Mentre ad Agrigento e nei porti del Nord possiamo forse notare una certa resistenza alla solita politica degli arresti sistematici dei capitani, lo stesso non si può dire in altre parti d’Italia. Nella Sicilia orientale e in Calabria un alto numero di persone è stato arrestato e incarcerato. Augusta ha registrato 28 arresti, Siracusa 11; Crotone ha visto 24 arresti e Roccella 18. E come si può vedere dalla mappa, questo modello si replica in altri porti delle stesse zone.

    Nazionalità

    Nel 2023, come nel 2021 e nel 2022, le autorità hanno preso di mira in particolare i cittadini egiziani, identificandone almeno 60 come capitani. Ciò è notevolmente diverso da quanto avveniva prima del 2020, quando gli egiziani avevano smesso di essere la principale nazionalità criminalizzata. Questa inversione di tendenza ha visto circa 300 cittadini egiziani arrestati dal 2020, la maggior parte dei quali probabilmente è ancora nelle carceri italiane.

    Un cambiamento significativo delle nazionalità delle persone arrestate registrato nel 2023 è invece l’importante aumento della criminalizzazione delle persone migranti provenienti dai paesi asiatici, che ammontano a circa 40 persone fermate quest’anno.

    Con riferimento alla rotta ionica, che arriva in Calabria – la stessa utilizzata dalla barca che è tragicamente affondata vicino a Cutro – nel 2021 la maggior parte delle persone arrestate come capitani proveniva da Russia e Ucraina. Con l’inizio della guerra, sono arrivate molte meno persone con queste nazionalità, mentre abbiamo assistito ad un allarmante aumento della persecuzione dei cittadini turchi nel 2022. Nell’ultimo anno, invece, abbiamo assistito a pochi arresti di persone provenienti dall’Europa orientale o dalla Turchia, e molti di più di persone provenienti dagli stati dell’Asia centrale.

    Va detto che la diminuzione dei fermi eseguiti dalla Procura di Agrigento dovrebbe essere letta alla luce della massiccia operazione posta in essere dalla polizia tunisina, con la benedizione e il finanziamento dell’Europa, contro i cosiddetti trafficanti a Sfax. I governi si vantano di ben 750 fermi nel paese nordafricano negli ultimi tre mesi, accanto a strategie violente di intercettazione e refoulement, come denunciato sia da Amnesty che dal Forum tunisino per i diritti economici e sociali. Anche in Egitto, l’inasprimento della legge nazionale contro i ‘trafficanti’ ha portato a diffusi arresti e processi ingiusti. Ad esempio, l’11 giugno 2023, una campagna di arresti ingiustificati per “smuggling” ha portato alla morte, alla città di Marsa Matruh, di un cittadino egiziano per colpi di arma da fuoco inferti dalla polizia, come ha denunciato Refugees Platform in Egypt. A livello dell’UE, si provano invece ad affinare gli strumenti legali, accrescendo le infrastrutture di controllo e criminalizzazione della frontiera e proponendo emendamenti – come quelli presentati in occasione del lancio dell’Alleanza globale contro il traffico di migranti – al cosiddetto Facilitators Package (in italiano “pacchetto facilitatori”).

    È chiaro quindi che, mentre festeggiamo alcune limitate vittorie, non possiamo negare che il “trafficante/scafista” rimane il capro espiatorio per eccellenza in Europa e non solo.
    2. Un anno di casi e udienze

    Attualmente seguiamo la situazione di 107 persone accusate di essere ‘scafisti’, 66 delle quali sono ancora in carcere. Dei detenuti, 32 si trovano in Sicilia e 16 in Calabria; gli altri sono sparsi in tutta Italia. Come ci si aspetterebbe dagli arresti degli ultimi anni, quasi la metà delle persone detenute che seguiamo proviene dall’Africa del Nord (30 su 44), mentre la maggior parte di quelle provenienti dall’Africa occidentale con cui siamo in contatto sono ormai libere (23 su 30). Siamo anche in contatto con 24 persone provenienti da paesi asiatici (tra cui Turchia, Palestina e i paesi ex-sovietici), la maggior parte delle quali è ancora detenuta.
    Cutro

    E’ trascorso poco meno di un anno da quando quasi 100 persone hanno perso la vita nelle acque di Cutro, in Calabria. Il Governo ha reagito non solo con finta commozione e decreti razzisti, ma anche, come quasi sempre accade, con un processo contro i cosiddetti scafisti. Insieme alle realtà calabresi, seguiamo attentamente i processi contro Khalid, Hasab, Sami, Gun e Mohamed, sopravvissuti al naufragio e provenienti dalla Turchia e dal Pakistan: ora si devono difendere contro il Ministero dell’Interno, il Consiglio dei Ministri e la Regione Calabria che si sono costituiti parti civili nel processo penale. Le istituzioni governative, anche se non esiste un fondo per questo, chiedono un risarcimento superiore a un milione di euro per danni al turismo e all’immagine: come se la tragedia del massacro di Cutro fosse questa.
    Processi

    Sono diversi i procedimenti penali che siamo riusciti a seguire da vicino, offrendo il nostro supporto ad avvocatə e persone criminalizzate, e, in alcuni casi, andando personalmente alle udienze.

    - Tra le vittorie ottenute non possiamo non citare la recentissima sentenza di assoluzione emessa dalla Corte di Appello di Messina in favore di Ali Fabureh, un giovane ragazzo gambiano che era stato erroneamente condannato dal Tribunale di Messina a 10 anni di carcere senza che – come appurato dalla Corte – avesse mai preso un timone in mano. E sempre a Messina abbiamo registrato un’altra importante vittoria: si è, infatti, concluso con una sentenza di assoluzione anche il procedimento penale iniziato due anni fa contro 4 persone accusate di aver condotto un peschereccio con a bordo centinaia di persone ed essere responsabili della morte di 5 di esse. Tra le persone assolte c’è A., che attualmente è ospitato presso l’associazione Baobab, e con cui continuiamo a rimanere in contatto. Un’altra importante vittoria di quest’anno è stata raggiunta a febbraio a Palermo, quando il Tribunale ha assolto 10 persone accusate di art. 12 TUI, riconoscendo loro lo stato di necessità per le violenze subite in Libia e aprendo la strada, si spera, a un maggior riconoscimento di questa causa di giustificazione. La sentenza è ora definitiva.
    - Purtroppo non tutti i procedimenti seguiti si sono conclusi positivamente, a dimostrazione del fatto che, anche se qualche passo nella direzione giusta è stato fatto, ne restano ancora tanti da compiere. Spesso può succedere che il processo contro due imputati nello stesso procedimento, ha avuto esiti diversi. Questo è stato il caso in un processo nei confronti di due cittadini senegalesi al Tribunale di Agrigento, che ha disposto l’archiviazione per uno di loro, mentre per l’altro il processo continua.
    – Altre volte è stata emessa una sentenza di condanna senza assoluzioni o archiviazioni. Questo è il caso della riprovevole condanna di 7 anni inflitta dal Tribunale di Locri a Ahmid Jawad, magistrato afghano che ancora lotta per dimostrare che era un semplice passeggero dell’imbarcazione che dalla Turchia l’ha condotto in Italia. E’ anche la situazione di Ahmed, che si è visto rigettare l’appello proposto alla Corte di Appello di Palermo avverso la sentenza di condanna del Tribunale di Agrigento.
    - Inoltre, non possiamo non mostrare indignazione e preoccupazione per i casi, come quello di E. (egiziano) al tribunale di Locri e M. e J. (del Sierra Leone) a Reggio Calabria, con cui siamo in contatto, a cui è stata applicata la nuova fattispecie di reato di cui all’art. 12 bis TUI, introdotta con il decreto Cutro, che prevede pene ancora più elevate. Seguiamo il loro processo da lontano: a gennaio, il tribunale di Locri ha rigettato la richiesta di remissione alla Corte Costituzionale presentata dagli avvocati per contestare l’art 12 bis.

    Centri di permanenza per il rimpatrio (CPR)

    I problemi per le persone accusate di essere ‘scafisti’ non finiscono a fine pena, e anche con riferimento alla detenzione nei CPR abbiamo seguito casi che hanno avuto esiti molto diversi. Siamo felicə che gli ultimi due casi seguiti si siano conclusi in modo positivo. Nel mese di dicembre, infatti, una donna ucraina e un uomo tunisino entrambə codannatə per art. 12 TUI, sono statə scarceratə, rispettivamente dalle carceri di Palermo e di Caltagirone, senza essere deportatə presso i centri di detenzione. Sicuramente nel primo caso ha inciso la nazionalità della persona, mentre nel secondo il sovraccaricamento dei centri.

    Purtroppo non sempre è stato possibile evitare il CPR. Molte persone seguite, nonostante la richiesta asilo presentata tempestivamente, sono state trattenute nei centri di detenzione, chi per pochi giorni, chi per due mesi. Per circostanze che sembrano spesso fortuite, la maggior parte è riuscita ad uscire e, anche se con poche prospettive di regolarizzarsi, possono vivere in “libertà” in Italia.

    Purtroppo, per due persone seguite le cose sono andate diversamente. La macchina burocratica ha mostrato il suo volto più spietato e sono stati rimpatriati prima che avessero la possibilità di ricevere un aiuto più concreto; oggi si trovano in Gambia e Egitto. Nell’ultimo caso, la situazione è ancora più preoccupante perché era stato assolto dal Tribunale di Messina; nonostante ciò, all’uscita dal carcere lo aspettava la deportazione.
    Misure alternative

    Quest’anno è stato particolarmente significativo in termini del superamento del regime ostativo alle misure alterantive alla detenzione posto dall’art. 4 bis o.p., che si applica a chi subisce una condanna per art. 12 TUI. Abbiamo infatti registrato i primi casi in cui le persone incarcerate che seguiamo hanno potuto accedere a misure alternative alla detenzione. Questo è stato il caso di B., che ha ottenuto dal Tribunale di Sorveglianza di Palermo l’affidamento in prova ai servizi sociali in provincia di Sciacca. Adesso che ha raggiunto il fine pena si è stabilito lì, in poco più di un mese ha aggiunto i suoi obiettivi personali: ha un lavoro e una rete sociale. E questa è la storia anche di A., e O., che hanno fatto accesso alle misure alternative presso la comunità Palermitana Un Nuovo Giorno. Rimaniamo, invece, in attesa dell’esito della seconda istanza di accesso per M., cugino di B., con cui tentiamo dal 2022, e che speriamo possa presto vedere il cielo oltre le quattro mura.

    Abbiamo anche seguito 6 persone, tra cui i 3 accusati palestinesi che l’estate scorsa sono entrati in sciopero della fame, che sono riusciti ad accedere agli arresti domiciliari, che pur non essendo oggetto dell’art. 4 bis o.p., nel corso degli anni sono comunque rimasti difficili da ottenere. Queste vittorie sono state possibili grazie ai tentativi, a volte ripetuti, dellə loro avvocatə difensorə, e alle offerte di ospitalità di un numero crescente di realtà conosciute.

    È bello vedere che qualcuno riesce a sgusciare attraverso alcune crepe di questo meccanismo. Certamente lavoreremo per continuare ad allargarle, anche se sappiamo che questo strumento può solo alleviare la sofferenza di alcune persone, e certamente non riparare i danni subiti per la loro detenzione.
    3. Rete

    Per noi è fondamentale ribadire che è solo grazie a una rete forte, impegnata, diffusa e informata, che questo lavoro è possibile. Anche quest’anno, possiamo dire di aver avuto il grandissimo piacere di collaborare con realtà diverse, in tanti luoghi, da Torino a Napoli, da Lampedusa a Londra, da Roma a Bruxelles e New York.

    In particolare, segnaliamo la campagna recentemente avviata Free #Pylos 9, promossa della rete Captain Support, per le persone arrestate in seguito al massacro di Pylos in Grecia. Negli ultimi mesi abbiamo inoltre avuto modo di conoscere realtà solidali a Bruxelles, tra cui PICUM, che ha organizzato a fine novembre un incontro di scambio sulle pratiche di criminalizzazione attuate intorno al controllo della migrazione. Qui abbiamo avuto l’opportunità di aprire insieme una conversazione sul lancio della nuova Alleanza Globale Europea contro il Traffico di Migranti, che stava avvenendo proprio in quei giorni.

    A New York a novembre abbiamo partecipato alla conferenza dell’Università di Columbia sulla criminalizzazione della migrazione nel mondo, e abbiamo presentato il nostro lavoro al centro sociale Woodbine, insieme ad altri gruppi locali impegnati nella lotta contro le frontiere.

    Qua in Italia, se da un lato il decreto Piantedosi ha ottusamente costretto le navi ONG a sbarcare in diversi porti d’Italia (come abbiamo scritto nei paragrafi sopra), dall’altro ha contribuito a catalizzare la consapevolezza sugli arresti allo sbarco in diverse città. Grazie al lavoro di alcunə avvocatə e individui solidali a Napoli, e con il supporto della Clinica Legale Roma 3, le persone arrestate agli sbarchi in Campania hanno avuto accesso a un supporto indipendente ed esaustivo.

    L’evento Capitani Coraggiosi, organizzato da Baobab Experience alla Città dell’Altra Economia a Roma, ha visto proiezione del film Io Capitano di Matteo Garrone (ora fra i candidati agli Oscar), e un dibattito col regista e con altre persone impegnate in questa lotta. Qui è stata lanciata la campagna in vista della presentazione della richiesta di revisione del caso di Alaji Diouf, che ha subito una condanna di 7 anni per il reato di favoreggiamento. Adesso, Alaji chiede che sia fatta giustizia sul suo caso, come affermato nel suo intervento dopo la proiezione del film “Io Capitano”, quando ha detto “Tutto quello che succede dopo, da lì parte davvero il film. […] ora che sono libero voglio far conoscere al mondo la verità”.

    ‘Dal mare al carcere’
    un progetto di Arci Porco Rosso e borderline-europe
    4° report trimestrale 2023.

    Leggete il report ‘Dal mare al carcere’ (2021), e i seguenti aggiornamenti trimestrale, al www.dal-mare-al-carcere.info.

    Ringraziamo Iuventa Crew, Sea Watch Legal Aid e Safe Passage Fund che hanno supportato il nostro lavoro nel 2023. Vuoi sostenerlo anche tu? Puoi contribuire alla nostra raccolta fondi.

    https://arciporcorosso.it/senza-frontiere
    #scafista #criminalisation_de_la_migration #migrations #asile #réfugiés #frontières #Méditerranée #mer_Méditerranée #Arci_Porco_Rosso #Italie #chiffres #statistiques #2023 #justice #procès #détention_administrative #rétention #Cutro

    • Je t’attends à Charonne

      La répression au métro #Charonne de la manifestation du #8_février_1962 est un cas de violence policière qui a lieu autour et dans la station de #métro Charonne à Paris, à l’encontre de personnes manifestant contre l’#Organisation_armée_secrète (#OAS) et la #guerre_d'Algérie, faisant finalement neuf morts.

      Étant donné le contexte des plus tendus et l’#état_d'urgence décrété en avril 1961 après le putsch d’Alger, la #manifestation, organisée par le Parti communiste français et d’autres organisations de gauche, avait en effet été interdite, et le préfet de police de Paris, Maurice Papon, avait donné l’ordre de la réprimer, avec l’accord du ministre de l’Intérieur, Roger Frey, et du président de la République, Charles de Gaulle.

      Parmi les manifestants qui essaient de se réfugier dans la bouche de la station de métro, huit personnes trouvent la mort, étouffées ou à cause de fractures du crâne, ainsi qu’une neuvième à l’hôpital, des suites de ses blessures.

      –—

      L’automne va mourir
      Et l’on entend déjà
      Le printemps refleurir
      Aux branches des lilas
      C’est une éternité
      Quand on est amoureux
      Tu verras mille étés
      Éclabousser ses yeux
      C’est aujourd’hui l’hiver
      Et c’est encore printemps
      La nature est au vert
      Lorsque l’on a vingt ans

      Marie, ô Marie, je t’aime
      Tu es mon premier baptême
      Marie, que l’amour me pardonne
      On m’appelle à Charonne

      On l’appelle à Charonne
      Et moi je reste là
      Ni Dieu ni la Madone
      N’ont plus d’amour que moi
      Ça me brûle le cœur
      D’une douleur si tendre
      Que c’est encore bonheur
      Pour moi que de t’attendre
      Je t’attends, je t’attends
      Comme l’oiseau qui mourut
      D’attendre le printemps
      Où il l’avait connue

      Marie, ô Marie, je t’aime
      Tu es mon premier baptême
      Marie, que l’amour me pardonne
      J’ai si peur à Charonne

      Il a peur à Charonne
      Mon Dieu, prends-lui la main
      Pour venir de Charonne
      Il est long le chemin
      Quelle est cette rumeur
      Venue du fond des temps ?
      J’ai si froid, j’ai si peur
      Daniel, oh ! Reviens-t’en
      Y a notre vie à nous
      Qui dort dedans mon ventre
      Les fleurs s’ mettent à genoux
      Les fleurs te disent « Rentre »

      Marie, ô Marie, je t’aime
      Tu es mon dernier baptême
      Marie, que l’amour me pardonne
      Je t’attends à Charonne

      https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=5&v=GQP7I-uzSkM&embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww


      #histoire #violences_policières #Leny_Escudero #chanson #musique #musique_et_politique #massacre_de_Charonne

    • Bilan du “massacre de Charonne” ce 8 février 1962 à Paris : 9 morts et plus de 250 blessés. En pleine guerre d’Algérie, après 8 ans de violences, des milliers de manifestants, la plupart militants de gauche, avaient bravé l’état d’urgence pour réclamer la paix. Ils manifestent suite à une série d’attentats de l’Organisation armée secrète (OAS), opposée à l’indépendance de l’Algérie. La veille, une de ces explosions avait défiguré une fillette de 4 ans. A 19h30, alors que l’ordre de dispersion a été donné près du métro Charonne, la police, noyautée par l’extrême droite et sous l’autorité du préfet Maurice Papon, s’en prend aux manifestants. Des années plus tard, des manifestants présents se souviennent de ce traumatisme, qui ne sera jamais jugé. https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/le-massacre-de-charonne-en-1962-ils-s-en-souviennent-8444866